关于主谓一致的用法
3个回答
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一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.
语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。例如:
Tom
is
a
good
student.
汤姆是个好学生。
They
often
play
football
on
the
playground.
他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.
意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
My
family
are
having
lunch
now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty
dollars
is
too
expensive
for
the
book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3.
就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:
Not
only
the
teacher
but
also
his
students
like
playing
football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There
is
a
pen
and
some
books
on
the
desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.
语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。例如:
Tom
is
a
good
student.
汤姆是个好学生。
They
often
play
football
on
the
playground.
他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.
意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
My
family
are
having
lunch
now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty
dollars
is
too
expensive
for
the
book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3.
就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:
Not
only
the
teacher
but
also
his
students
like
playing
football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There
is
a
pen
and
some
books
on
the
desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
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主谓一致是指:
1)
语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)
意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)
就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There
is
much
water
in
the
thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g.
Ten
thousand
tons
of
coal
were
produced
last
year.
Large
quantities
of
water
are
needed.
In
western
countries,
mountains
of
rubbish
are
thrown
away
each
day.
1
并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading
and
writing
are
very
important.
注意:
当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and
此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The
iron
and
steel
industry
is
very
important
to
our
life.
1)
语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)
意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)
就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There
is
much
water
in
the
thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g.
Ten
thousand
tons
of
coal
were
produced
last
year.
Large
quantities
of
water
are
needed.
In
western
countries,
mountains
of
rubbish
are
thrown
away
each
day.
1
并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading
and
writing
are
very
important.
注意:
当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and
此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The
iron
and
steel
industry
is
very
important
to
our
life.
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主谓一致指的是主语与谓语动词之间的单复数的一致,也就是说主语为单数谓语动词也是单数。具体情况如下:1,在一般现在时的句中,你要特别注意这一点,
He
is
a
worker.
he单数---is单数
They
are
workers.
they复数----are复数
She
waters
flowers.
she单数-----waters单数
Students
water
flowers.
students复数----water原形【这儿你可以把动词的原形理解为复数,在一般现在时中动词都这样。】
2,在现在进行时中,只要考虑is\are的单复数
She
is
watering
flowers.
They
are
watering
flowers.
3,在现在完成时和现在完成进行时中,只要考虑has\have
He
has
finished
the
worke.
They
have
finished
the
worke.
4,在一般过去时中,只要考虑was\were
He
was
a
worker.
They
were
workers.
从时态的角度分,主谓一致就这几种情况,这样便于掌握。注:动词的单复数是指的动词的第三人称单数和动词原形。
He
is
a
worker.
he单数---is单数
They
are
workers.
they复数----are复数
She
waters
flowers.
she单数-----waters单数
Students
water
flowers.
students复数----water原形【这儿你可以把动词的原形理解为复数,在一般现在时中动词都这样。】
2,在现在进行时中,只要考虑is\are的单复数
She
is
watering
flowers.
They
are
watering
flowers.
3,在现在完成时和现在完成进行时中,只要考虑has\have
He
has
finished
the
worke.
They
have
finished
the
worke.
4,在一般过去时中,只要考虑was\were
He
was
a
worker.
They
were
workers.
从时态的角度分,主谓一致就这几种情况,这样便于掌握。注:动词的单复数是指的动词的第三人称单数和动词原形。
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