Question

在定于从句中,什么使用关联词what?请举例说明!

Answer 1

what是绝对不能用来引导定语从句的
what只能出现在主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句这些名词类从中.
从2005高考题看What的运用

2005年山东英语高考试题中有如下一道试题：
26． The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how
C. what D. which
此题考查了what引导的宾语从句的用法,what在从句中作主语.所以正确答案为C.what的用法是近几年高考的热点和难点.常见用法如下：
一、 what用作关系代词,也即连接代词,引导名词性从句, 可以作主语、宾语、定语
1. 引导主语从句
例1 What made the school proud was that more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities. 使学校骄傲的是90％的学生被重点大学录取.
例2 What makes the matter worse is that it begins to rain. 更糟糕的是开始下起雨来了.
2. 引导表语从句
例3 ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
---Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
例4 The city is not what it used to be. 这个城市不再是先前的模样了.
3. 引导宾语从句
例5 A man’s worth lays not so much in what he has as in what he is. 人的价值不在于他有什么,而在于他是怎样的人.
例6 After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter *** ile. 好像过了几个小时以后,他面带苦笑走了出来.
二、 what 用作关系形容词,作定语.意为“所…… 的全部,任何的”；与little、few 连用时,其含义多为“虽然少,但把所有的都…… ”
例7 The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time. 家庭环境的改善占去了我仅有的一点业余时间.
例8 Don’t worry. I will give you what help I can. 别担心,我一定尽我所能帮你.
例9 I will lend you what few reference books I can spare. 我愿把我用不着的虽然为数不多的参考书全部借给你.
三、 what惯用句式：A is to B what C is to D （比喻结构）A对B之关系犹如C对D之关系
例10 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼.
例11 What salt is to the food, wit and humour are to conversation and literature. 隽语与幽默之于会话与文学,恰象盐之于食物一样.
四、 what引导插入语,意为“还有的是,加之”
例12 He is handsome, and what is more, very rich. 他长得很英俊,而且还很富有.
例13 He is, what is called , a living dictionary. 他就是所谓的活词典.
五、 what的强调形式whatever(anything that)
例14 Whatever she does is ridiculous. 她的所作所为都是谎谬的.
例15 Take whatever magazines you want to read. 任何你想读的杂志都可以取阅.
六、有关what的某些习语
1. What about…?(表建议或征求对方意见) ……怎么样?
例16 What about going to the movies ?
2. What for? (=why) (口语) 为何,为什么 ?
例17 ---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
---What for ?
3. So what? (表示不感兴趣或认为不重要) 那又怎么样? (口语)
4. what if…?/what though (表示建议或疑虑等) 倘使……将会怎么样; 即使……又怎么样?
例18 --- What if I move the picture over here?
--- I suppose it will look better.
5. What with… and (what with ). ……部分因为……, 部分因为……(后面通常接不好的事情).
例19 What with overwork and what with hunger, he became sick at last. 一半由于工作过度,一半由于饥饿,他终于病倒了.
【高考链接】
1. The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.（2004上海春季）
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
2. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. （2003上海）
A． that B. when
C. what D. how
3. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
---Oh, that’s_____.（NMET2003北京春季）
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
4. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）
A. What; because B. What ; that
C. That ; what D. That ; because
5. Perseverance is a kind of quality --- and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well. （2002上海）
A. what B. that
C. which D. why
6. ---I think it’s going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
---I wonder _____ we can do about it. （2002北京春季）
A. If B. how
C. what D. that
7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _____ he wants. (2002上海春季)
A. what B. which
C. when D. that
8. A puter can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. （NMET2001）
A. how B. after
C. what D. when
9. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______ he had done the day before. （2001上海春季）
A. that B. how
C. where D. what
10. ____ she couldn’t understand was_____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. （2000 上海）
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
【巩固练习】
1． The hurricane destroyed ___ was in the village.
A. all B. what
C. that D. all what
2． These pictures will show you _______.
A. what our hometown looks like
B. what does our hometown looks like
C. how our hometown looks like
D. how does our hometown looks like
3. A man’s worth lays not so much in _______ he has as in ______ he is.
A. that; what B. what; what
C. that; that D. what; that
4. Our city is no longer ___ it used to be.
A. which B. that
C. as D. what
5. ___we can’t get seems better than___we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
6. Please let me know _____you want me _____.
A. whether; to do B. what; doing
C. that; done D. what; to do
7． It is monly believed unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever
C. whichever D. whenever
8. ---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
---__________?
A. What for B. What is it
C. How is it D. How e
9. ---Let’s hurry,or we will be late.
---______? Do you really want to listen to that boring lecture?
A. What for B. So what
C. Why not D. Why
10. ---______ you did ?
---No, as a matter of fact, I didn’t need to.
A. Is that what B. Is what that
C. What is that D. Is that which
【答案与解析】
【高考链接】
1. C at后接宾语从句.当宾语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时,要用what 引导,此句中what作宾语从句的主语.
2. C what 在此作连接代词,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语.that引导主语从句时,只起引导作用,不作任何成分；when和 how 分别表示时间和方式,在主语从句中作状语.
3． A what 引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语.
4． B 解释同第2题.
5． A what 在表语从句中作takes 的宾语,构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型.
6． C what 在此作连接代词,引导宾语从句,并作从句中do的宾语.
7. A 这是宾语从句.what 作 want的宾语.Always give the monkey exactly what he wants. 是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予某人他确实想要的东西.”
8． C 解释同第6题.
9． D 解释同第6题.
10． A 主语从句she couldn’t understand 缺少宾语,要用what引导表语从句. fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.是一个完整的句子,根据句意要用why来引导.
【巩固练习】
1. B what 在此作连接代词,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语;what 在此处亦可换为all that.
2. A what 在此作连接代词,引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语.宾语从句须用陈述句语序.
3. B 此处的两个 what 都是连接代词,第一个what 在从句中作宾语,第二个what 在从句中作表语.
4. D what 在此作连接代词,引导表语从句,并在从句中作表语.
5. A 第一个what 引导的主语从句作主句的宾语；第二个what 引导的主语从句作比较状语从句的宾语；两个what 均在各自引导的从句中作宾语.
6. D what 在此作连接代词,引导宾语从句,并在从句中作to do的宾语.
7. B whatever 引导宾语从句,作不定式to give 的宾语.
8. A what for “为什么”询问对方为什么要把抽屉腾出来.What is it “这是什么”,How is it“这是什么样的”根据句意,正确答案选A.
9. B so what “那又怎么样?” 口语中常用.
10. A what 在此作连接代词,引导表语从句,并在从句中作宾语.
楼主的情况是不是插入语?
what作为关系代词通常用于插入语结构,其句型是：what is (was)+比较级形容词.在这一结构中what泛指下文所讲的话,作“而且；更…；更有进者；尤有甚者”解.