Question

翻译下文

Acute sports-related spinal cord injury: contemporary management principles.
Improvements in helmet and equipment design have led to significant decreases in overall injury incidence, but no available helmet can prevent catastrophic injury to the neck and cervical spine. The most effective strategy for preventing this type of injury appears to be careful instruction, training, and regulations designed to eliminate head-first contact. The incidence of football-related quadriplegia has decreased from a peak of 13 cases per one million players between 1976 and 1980 to 3 per million from 1991 to 1993, mostly as a result of systematic research and an organized effort to eliminate high-risk behavior. An episode of transient quadriparesis does not appear to be a risk factor for catastrophic spinal cord injury. Torg reported that 0 of 117 quadriplegics in the National Football Head and Neck Injuries Registry recalled a prior episode of transient quadriparesis, and 0 of the 45 patients originally studied in his transient quadriparesis cohort have subsequently suffered quadriplegia. The significance of developmental spinal stenosis is unclear. Plain radiographic identification of a narrow spinal canal in a player sustaining cervical cord neurapraxia warrants further evaluation by MRI to rule out functional stenosis. The presence of actual cord deformation or compression on MRI should preclude participation in high-risk contact or collision sports.

Answer 1

敏锐的运动- 相关的脊髓受伤: 同时代的管理原则。
钢盔的进步和仪器设计已经导致全部的受伤影响之方式方面的重要减少，但是没有可得的钢盔能避免对脖子和颈背骨的悲惨伤害。 避免受伤的这一个类型的最有效的策略似乎是小心的指令，训练和规则设计除去头- 第一的连络。 足球- 相关的四肢瘫痪的影响之方式已经在 1976 和 1980 到 3 之间每一百万从 1991 到 1993 从每一百万个运动员 13个情形的一个山顶减少, 大概有系统的研究和一个被组织的努力结果除去高危险行为。 短暂的 quadriparesis 的一段插曲不似乎是悲惨的脊髓受伤的一个危险因子。Torg 在国家的足球中的 117个四肢麻痹者中的 0个领导而且拥抱受伤记入取消了短暂的 quadriparesis 的一段之前的插曲, 而且取消了 45位病人中的 0位本来研读他的短暂 quadriparesis 步兵大队已经后来遭受四肢瘫痪。 发展上的针 stenosis 的重要性是不易了解的。运动员维持颈绳索 neurapraxia 正当理由的狭窄针运河的简单 X 光线照相术的确认藉着磁共振成像促进评估排除功能的 stenosis 。 真实的绳索毁坏或压缩对磁共振成像的出现应该预先排除高危险连络或碰撞运动的分享。