Question

动词不定式的用法解析 ，练习题及答案

Answer 1

高中应掌握的动词不定式知识
1.不定式的构成形式:to
do\to
be
done\to
be
doing\to
have
done
\to
have
been
done
2.不定式的语法功能:主语坦兆、宾语、宾补、表语、状语、定语。
3.不定式在某些句型中的意义:
1)主+谓(推断)+to
be(表同时)/to
have
done(表发生在主要动词之前)/to
be
doing(表动作正进行)
谓语动词:seem,appear,be
said,be
supposed,be
believed,
be
thought,be
reported,be
known等。
2)主+谓(希望)+to
do(表将来)/to
have
done
(表过去原本希望，但未能实现)谓语动词:hoped,meant,wanted,expected,wished,planned,promised,disired等。
3)不定式作主语，常用形式主语it代替。
A.It
takes
sb.
some
time\some
money\some
trouble
to
do
sth.
B
It
costs
sb.some
money\time\energy\labour
to
do
sth.
C.It
is
adj.
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
D.It
is
adj.
of
sb.
to
do
sth.(
常用形容词good,kind,clever,stupid,cruel,rude,polite,wrong,right,wise,brave,careful,naughty...)
4)不定式作宾语，常用形式宾语it代替。句式为:主+consider,think,make,feel,find,
know,regard,believe+it
+宾补+to
do
sth.
4.只能由不定式作宾语的动词有:offer,afford,learn,plan,demand,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,decide,choose,determine,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,long,fail,pretend.
5.常用不定式作宾补的动词有:like,hate,encourage,wish,ask,tell,want,desire,expect,prefer,permit,order,allow,invite,force,warn,cause,advise,request,oblige,get,beg,persuade,teach.
6.常用不带to不定式作宾补的动词有:
see,look
at,watch,notice,observe,listen
to,hear,
make,have,let.
help
(to),
feel,
注意区别:find
sb.to
be\get
sb.to
do
sth..
7.疑问词+不定式=名词短语或名词从句让袜租。
8.不定式作状语表目的，结果，原因等
。
其中，结果状语通常为only
to
do…表示________________的结果。
特例:1)
in
order
to=so
as
to(只用于句子后)\...so
as
to=so...as
to=in
order
that\so
that+从句can\could\may\might+v.表目的。
2)so
as
to
+v.=so
that
...表结果。
3)too+adj.\adv.
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
4)
adj.\adv.
enough
to
do
sth.(enough修饰名词可前可后)
9.不定式作表语。
特例:主+seem\appear\happen
to
+v.
10.不定式作定语
1)不定式的动词如果是不及物动词，应带上介词。(
修饰time,place,way除外)
2)主动和被动:
不定式与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓关系常用主动。I
have
homework
to
do.
11.不定式的省略:
1)to的省略
A:感官动词、使役动词之后，并且是主动句，如是被动句，仍需要to
(get,order,ask,cause,find除外)
B:do+something\anything\nothing+but\except\besides+v.
C:Why
not...?had
better,would
rather之后。
D:
不定式作定语，好伏主动表被动,如:1)I
have
some
maths
problems
to
work
out.
注意区别当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,如:Do
you
have
any
clothes
to
be
washed?I
will
wash
them
for
you.仍用被动结构。
E:
不定式作表语形容词的状语时，主动表被动He
found
Chinese
difficult
to
learn.
2)动词的省略:下列动词常省略所重复的动词，但be和have
助动词除外。(want\hope\wish\'d
like\hate\try\ought\mean\plan\need\used\be
able
\be
going
\be
supposed
to.)