大学英语四级阅读真题长难句型分析
大学英语四级阅读真题长难句型分析
引导语：下面我就给大家带来大学英语四级阅读真题长难句型分析，谢谢您的阅读，祝您阅读愉快。
长难句一
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升级) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：courses can run (on...)
Although 引导让步状语从句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投资”。不定式to support... 是宾语investment 的补足语，“项目需要投资来支持相关软件”(因为)support 的逻辑主语不是programs 而是investment，所以该不定式应该是补语，而非目的状语)。译文：虽然一些规模更大的课程需要斥资增加新的服务器、扩建网络来支持配套的软件，但大部分远程教育课程可以在现有的或稍加升级的系统上运行。
长难句二
While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：it is clear that...
句首的While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管”......。it is clear......中，it 是形式主语，省略连接词that 的从句there is...才是句子的真正主语。in ensuring...是there be 句型的状语成分，“在确保......方面”。ensuring 后面接的是省略that 的宾语从句。
译文：虽然有许多好而有用的声明，但是，很明显，要确保购买者完全知晓所购产品对环境的影响还需要很长的时间。
长难句三
They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, "Geez, if it could happen to him,..."(08.12 Passage 1)
主干：They only come in
1.when引导时间状语从句，而且引导两个并列的从句：a friend drops dead...以及they think...。引号中的是直接引语，作think的宾语。
2.本句在理解上的一个难点是，they think究竟是与they come in并列还是与a friend drops dead并列。从语言形式上看，两种理解都可以;但从语义逻辑上看，应该是“他们只有在想到...的时候才来”，把they think归到时间状语从句中更合理。
译文：只有当一位朋友在高尔夫球场猝死时，他们才来看医生。他们会想到：“哎呀，如果这样的事能发生在他身上，...”
长难句四
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. (07.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：I would fight...
when 引导时间状语从句。本句理解上的难点不在语法结构，而在语言本身所表达的'内容。was pushed into...表明作者不是主动参与这类争论的。an argument on...“在......方面的争论”。on my behalf “代表我自己，为我自己。”
译文：有时候，当我与别人争论左脑与右脑的问题，或者是先天天赋与后天培育的问题时，我会马上站在我的立场以及所有女性同胞的立场上给予狠狠的反驳遥。
长难句五
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...
句首的as 引导时间状语从句。主句部分是复合谓语，有两个由and 连接的并列谓语。
译文：随着话语开始流淌，思想也会逐渐明朗化，使自己呈现在你的笔记本或者屏幕上。
长难句六
While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...
While 引导时间状语从句。本句主句是由and 连接两个分句构成的并列句，两个分句都用了现在完成时，与状语从句的一般现在时对照来看，表明主句中的两个动作都是在await 期间完成。grant 后面接了双宾语，间接宾语是her，直接宾语是permission。
译文：在她等待结果出来期间，政府给予她在美国的工作许可，她已经返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌连锁店的工作岗位。
长难句七
Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主干：I had to accept the fact...
Because 引导原因状语从句。该从句用了know little about...结构，about 有两个宾语。that 引导的从句是即farm animals 和angels，中间用or 连接，两个名词分别都有定语从句加以修饰。主句部分fact 带有that 引导的同位语从句。
译文：因为我对会使用工具的家畜和上一年级的天使一无所知，所以我得承认这样的事实：我在借用我女儿的经验。
长难句八
The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：院The standards ban claims本句只含一个原因状语从句，结构上较为简单。值得注意的是，句中的名词词组大多含有修饰成分，如：The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。
译文：ISO 标识标准禁止在商品的包装上出现模糊的或会引起误导的产品说明，因为我们无法证明类似“环保”、“无污染”等这样的字样。
长难句九
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干：distance learning signifies a course
1.句首While 引导状语从句，有让步、对比之意。
2.in which 引导定语从句修饰a course，该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构，两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。post... on Websites 结构中，post 含有3 个宾语。
译文：虽然网络课程提供的教学形式会各不相同，但远程学习通常都表现为这样一种课程：教师将课程大纲、阅读作业及课程进度安排在网站上公布，学生通过电子邮件提交作业。
长难句十
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：they cannot work...
While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管......”。从句中的employ 表示“采用”，不定式to get...作目的状语。work in parallel“并行不悖地起作用”。no matter how 也引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么......”。
译文“尽管要完成定稿这两种思维都不可或缺，可是它们却不能并行着参与写作过程-----无论我们多么认为原本如此。
长难句十一
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:people may be "well"
主句的主语people 有一个who 引导的定语从句修饰。if 引导条件状语从句，从句中的they can 是省略形式的定语从句(相当于they can maintain)，修饰health。
译文：在这种新的意义上来说，甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”，如果他们在面对身体缺陷时尽力去达到可能的最好健康状况的话。
长难句十二
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:people may be "well"
主句的主语people 有一个who 引导的定语从句修饰。if 引导条件状语从句，从句中的they can 是省略形式的定语从句(相当于they can maintain)，修饰health。
译文：在这种新的意义上来说，甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”，如果他们在面对身体缺陷时尽力去达到可能的最好健康状况的话。
长难句十三
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：you will believe that... and you will end up staring...
本句主句是and 连接两个分句构成的并列句。前一个分句中，that 引导的从句作believe 的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含一个由than 引导的比较状语从句。后一个分句中，谓语部分是end up doing 结构，staring...作主语补足语。
译文：你很有可能会以为这样加工整理素材会让你时间不够用，结果是最后随着交稿日期的逐渐临近，你将只是盯着稿件发呆。
长难句十四
Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：the show inspired designers
本句是简单句。过去分词短语Organized by...在句中作状语，用以补充说明主语的背景信息。谓语部分用了inspire sb. to do 结构，不定式短语to work with...是宾语补足语。
译文：这次时装秀由总部位于纽约的非盈利组织Earth Pledge 主办，激发了许多顶尖设计师第一次使用不破坏生态平衡的布料设计时装。
长难句十五
This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative: it will buy (transitional)cotton...
1.本句冒号后的内容是对前文initiative 的详细阐述，相当于一个同位语从句。
2.冒号前的分句中，谓语动词用了be set to do 结构，过去分词短语aimed to...是initiatives 的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
3.冒号后的分句中，结构简单，其中helping to...是现在分词短语，作谓语动词buy 的状语，表示目的。
译文：本周沃尔玛超市准备出台一项重大举措，目的在于帮助棉农种植有机棉：沃尔玛将以更高的价格收购过渡型的棉花，以此帮助扩大一种重要有机原材料的供应。
长难句十六
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主干：I offered suggestions (for...)
句首的Telling 是现在分词，作状语，表示伴随动作：它带了一个宾语从句，从句的表语writer 后接了一个作定语的现在分词guiding...。主句部分的介词for 带有三个名词作宾语，与suggestion 连用，表示“对.......的建议”。
译文：我对自己说，我只是一个有经验的作家，在指导身边的一位年轻作家。我对她的那些故事中的人物尧冲突及结局提出建议。
长难句十七
Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars...
不定式to be the biggest liars 在句中作宾语emailers 的补语。现在分词reasoning在句中作伴随状语。that 引导从句作reasoning 的宾语。该宾语从句又包含一个原因状语从句，由because 引导。
译文：有些心理学家原以为人们在电子邮件中最容易撒谎，理由是：欺骗使人感到不舒服，所以电子邮件这种非直接接触的媒介能让人的谎言更容易说出口。
长难句十八
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge ( 大杂烩) ofenvironmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：Consumers are being confused and misled by...
本句用了现在进行时的被动语态，含两个谓语动词confused 和misled。过去分词短语made by...和published by...分别修饰前面的名词claims 和study。
译文：根据消费者国际组织在星期五发表的野绿色商标冶研究报告，消费者受到了各种家居产品五花八门的环保声明的误导，都被搞糊涂了。
长难句十九
I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent蒺s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干：I have (also) witnessed a player reacting
reacting 在句中是现在分词，作宾语a player 的补语;by... hitting...是reacting 的方式状语，hitting 作介词by 的宾语。as hard as he could 是比较结构，表示“尽力”。
译文：还有一次我看到过一个球员在比赛中因为对方的一个有意犯规阻挡，而故意使足了力气把球砸向对方。
长难句二十
Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. (08.6 Passage 2)
分析主干：someone will glance...
本句是个简单句，谓语动词glance 后接介词短语through purchases or bills。不定式短语to find out...在句中作状语，表示“无意中一瞥”的结果。
译文：或者有人会随意翻阅你的信用卡购物单或手机话费单，以此来了解你的购物喜好或通话习惯。
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