实义动词的用法
实义动词的用法如下：
用法
实义动词词义完整，能独立作谓语，可分成：及物动词（transitive verb）和不及物动词（intransitive verb）。
1．及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr．Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday．
史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。
②she asked the teacher a few questions．
她向老师问了几个问题。
③We have friends all over the world.
我们的朋友遍天下。
④Children and young people like bright colors．孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。
2．不及物动词不要求有宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A．m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .
英国大部分商店九点开门，晚五点或五点半关门。
②George's father lives there．
乔治的爸爸住在那里。
③Let's go home．我们回家吧。
④The examination ended at 11:30 A．m．
考试上午十一点半结束。
3．特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如close， begin， study， leave， work……
①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m．
邮局晚上9点关门。
②Close the window,please．请关窗。
③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗？
④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school．比尔毕业后当水手。
⑤They left yesterday．他们昨天离开的。
⑥When did you leave Washington?
你什么时候离开华盛顿的？
⑦The students study hard.
这些学生学习努力。
⑧The students study English and German．这些学生学习英语和德语。
⑨He works in a supermarket.
他在一家超市工作。
⑩He works the machine on Mondays.
他星期一操作这台机器。
3。实义动词，同时也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲，实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时，一定不能用be动词。那么，实义动词究竟怎样用呢？
正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样，实义动词在肯定句中，也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she,it时，实义动词要变为相应的第三人称单数；
当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你)，we, you（你们） they时，实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时，不能直接在动词上变，而是要借助另一类动词：助动词do、does。
⑴肯定句：
① I have a blue book.
② He has a brother.
③ She wants to be a teacher.
④ They like to play basketball.
⑵否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词，是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的，但加了do/does后，其后面的动词必须用动词原形。
① I have a blue book.（变为否定句）→I don’t have a blue book.
② He has a brother. （变为否定句）→He doesn’t have brother.
③ She wants to be a teacher. （变为否定句）→She doesn’t want to be a teacher.
④ They like to play basketball. （变为否定句）→They don’t like to play basketball.
⑶一般疑问句：Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他？句中加了do/does后，其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。
① I have a blue book.（变为一般疑问句）→Do you have a blue book?
② He has a brother. （变为一般疑问句）→Does he have a brother?
③ My brother does his homework before supper. （变为一般疑问句）→Does your brother do his homework before supper?
④ She wants to be a teacher. （变为一般疑问句）→Does she want to be a teacher?
⑤ They like to play basketball. （变为一般疑问句）→Do they like to play basketball?
⑷特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting.（对加粗部分提问）
→Why does your sister like English best?
② He does his homework before supper.（对加粗部分提问）→When does he do his homework?
注意：当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语，我们把这类句子变否定句时，必须把and变为or.如：
⑴He can swim and dance. （变为否定句）→He can’t swim or dance.
⑵My father likes English and math. （变为否定句） →My father doesn’t like English or math.
⑸ but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
例如：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
比较：He wants to believe anything but take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
