Question

助动词的形式与作用

Answer 1

[ 英语语法手册 ] 助动词

1) 英语常用的助动词 (auxiliary verb) 有 shall ， will ， should ， would ， be ， have ， do 等。助动词一般无词义，不能单独作谓语动词。助动词在句中的作用，在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。如：

China has entered a great new era. 中国已进入了一个伟大的新时期。 ( 帮助构成完成时态 )

Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 ( 帮助构成进行时态 )

Mother is written by Gorky. 《母亲》是高尔基写的。 ( 帮助构成被动语态 )

We Shall have the football match if it does not rain. 如果不下雨，我们就赛足球。 ( 帮助构成将来时态和否定结构 )

Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思吗 ?( 帮助构成疑问结构 )

[ 注 ] 在否定结构中， not 须放在助动词后面。

2) 助动词加 not 一般都有简略式，用于口语中。如：

is not-isn't would not--wouldn't

are not--aren't [B:nt] have not--haven't

was not -- wasn't has not--hasn't

were not-- weren't [wE:nt] had not--hadn't

shall not--shan't [FB:nt] do not--don't [dEunt]

will not--won't [wEunt] does not--doesn't

should not--shouldn't did not--didn't

be