Question

一道初二英语题

求求各位我想问一道初二英语问题，俺总是搞不清现在完成时和一般过去时，常混，所以我求求各位那位仁兄是老师，举个例子详细解释一下。俺可不亏待人，答好了，奖赏大大的！

Answer 1

一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常
发生。（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth来表示）
表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,
时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now等。
※ when引导的时间状语从句。
如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)
Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.
When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with his father.
He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)
表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,
时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。
如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.
讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。
如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
★注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：prefer→ preferred, fix→ fixed, mix→ mixed

六、现在完成时：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。
①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before等。
如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
★③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时（肯定句或疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词）,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。
如：I have been away from my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了)
= I have been away from my hometown since three years ago.
= I have been away from my hometown since 2005.
= It is 3 years since I left my hometown.
口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
★⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过…（次）”)表示人在这里。
如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。) I have been to Beijing three times. (我去过那里三次。)
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。come→be here, go→be there, die→be dead, borrow→keep, buy→have, join→be in(be a …member),leave→be away, begin to study→study等。如下图：
具体变化见下表：
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
come be here
go/leave be away （from）
open/close be open/be closed
begin/start be on
end/finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
become interested in be interested in
get married ge married
put on wear
get up be up
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
join be in = be a member of
leave be away from
arrive/reach be
或者使用下面这个句型：
It is / has been + (多久) + since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)

Answer 2

现在完成时:I have done my homework.
一般过去时：I did my homework.
相同点是，两种都可以表示动作的完成，这两句都可以意为我已经做完作业。
不同的是，两种所表示的时态是不一样的，前者和现在时态连用，比如I have done my homework before I watch TV.而过去时和过去的时态连用，比如，I did my homework yesterday.

Answer 3

过去式就是以前发生的动作，不延续后果。
比如：
He lived in the house.他曾经住在这个房子里（潜台词：现在没有住在这里了）
这个动作发生过就结束了。

完成式就是以前的动作，但后果延续到了现在。
比如：
He has lived in the house for years.他住在这里住了几年了（他以前就开始住在这里，并且现在还住在这里）

不知道这样说了你懂不懂。

Answer 4

hasn't
yet

Answer 5

hasn't
yet