Question

跪求英语翻译！！！！

Crop growth models dynamically simulate processes of C, N and water balance on daily or hourly time-steps to predict crop growth and development and at season-end, final yield. Their ability to integrate effects of genetics, environment and crop management have led to applications ranging from understanding gene function to predicting potential impacts of climate change. The history of crop models is reviewed briefly, and their level of mechanistic detail for assimilation and respiration, ranging from hourly leaf-to-canopy assimilation to daily radiation-use efficiency is discussed. Crop models have improved steadily over the past 30–40 years, but much work remains. Improvements are needed for the prediction of transpiration response to elevated CO2 and high temperature effects on phenology and reproductive fertility, and simulation of root growth and nutrient uptake under stressful edaphic conditions. Mechanistic improvements are needed to better connect crop growth to genetics and to soil fertility, soil waterlogging and pest damage. Because crop models integrate multiple processes and consider impacts of environment and management, they have excellent potential for linking research from genomics and allied disciplines to crop responses at the field scale, thus providing a valuable tool for deciphering genotype by environment by management effects.

Answer 1

怎么无人问津？也许是奖励分太少了！

Crop growthmodels dynamically simulate processes of C, N and water balance on daily or hourlytime-steps to predict crop growth and development and at season-end, finalyield. Their ability to integrate effects of genetics, environment and cropmanagement have led to applications ranging from understanding gene function topredicting potential impacts of climate change.
作物生长模型能够通过动态模拟间隔每天或每小时的碳、氮和水平衡的过程来预测作物的生长与发育，以及在季末时的最终产量。由于作物生长模型能够整合遗传的影响、环境与作物的管理工作，因此它的应用范围包括从了解基因功能到预测气候变化的潜在影响。

The history ofcrop models is reviewed briefly, and their level of mechanistic detail forassimilation and respiration, ranging from hourly leaf-to-canopy assimilationto daily radiation-use efficiency is discussed. Crop models have improvedsteadily over the past 30–40 years, but much work remains. Improvements areneeded for the prediction of transpiration response to elevated CO2 and hightemperature effects on phenology and reproductive fertility, and simulation ofroot growth and nutrient uptake under stressful edaphic conditions.
本文对作物模型的历史进行简短的评述，而且也讨论了其吸收和呼吸水平的机械性细节，范围从叶子至顶部每小时的吸收率到辐射的利用率。尽管在过去的30至40年，作物模型获得不断的改善，但效果还是差强人意。目前亟待改进的是对蒸腾反应至二氧化碳升高和高温影响物候学与再生产繁殖力的预测功能，以及模拟在不良土壤条件压力下的根系生长和养分摄取。

Mechanisticimprovements are needed to better connect crop growth to genetics and to soilfertility, soil water logging and pest damage. Because crop models integratemultiple processes and consider impacts of environment and management, theyhave excellent potential for linking research from genomics and allieddisciplines to crop responses at the field scale, thus providing a valuabletool for deciphering genotype by environment by management effects.
机械性方面也需要改进以便将作物的成长与遗传学、土壤肥力、土壤积水和病虫害更好地联系起来。由于作物模型可整合多个进程和针对环境与管理的考虑，它们有极佳的潜能把基因组学和相关学科的研究与田间规模的作物反应结合起来，从而成为以环境和管理效果破译基因型的可贵工具。

Answer 2

作物生长模型动态模拟过程的C、N和水平衡在每天或每小时的时间步预测作物生长和发展,最终产量和车”。他们的能力来整合效应的遗传、环境和作物管理导致应用程序从理解基因功能预测气候变化的潜在影响。作物模型的历史简要回顾了,他们的水平的机械细节同化和呼吸,从每小时叶到树冠同化到日常辐射利用效率是讨论。作物模型已经稳步提高在过去的30到40年,但还有很多工作。需要改进的预测蒸腾回应二氧化碳升高和高温度影响物候学和生殖生育,和模拟的根系生长和养分吸收土壤条件下压力。机械需要改进更好的连接到基因和作物生长对土壤肥力、土壤水浸和害虫的危害。因为作物模型集成多个过程和考虑环境的影响和管理,他们有优秀的潜在连接研究从基因组学和盟军的学科在该领域作物响应规模,从而提供一个有价值的工具,用于破译基因型由环境管理效果。

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Answer 3

作物生长模型的动态过程进行仿真，C，N和水在每天或每小时的时间步长预测作物生长和发展，在赛季末的平衡，最终产量。他们的整合能力影响的遗传，环境和作物管理导致的应用范围从了解基因功能预测气候变化的潜在影响。作物模型历史的简要回顾，和他们的机械细节消化和呼吸的水平，从每小时的叶冠层同化日常辐射利用效率进行了讨论。作物生长模型已经在过去的30–40年稳步提高，但仍有许多工作要做。改进的CO2和高温影响物候和生殖生育升高蒸腾响应预测所需的，紧张的土壤条件下根系生长和养分吸收的模拟。需要更好地连接到遗传学和作物生长对土壤肥力的机械改进，土壤渍害和病虫害。由于作物模型集成多个过程，考虑到环境和管理的影响，他们将研究从基因组学及相关学科的优秀潜在作物响应在规模，从而破解基因型与环境管理的影响提供了一个宝贵的工具