Question

小女子请求各位帮忙翻译这几句话,万分感谢!!

1、The government allocates funds on the basis of the previous years’ budgets and adds or deducts incremental changes.
“incremental”是逐渐增加的意思，那“adds or deducts”在这里指是什么意思？到底想表达增加还是减少？
2、Over the last three decades public pressure has forced governments in many western countries to look for ways to meet society’s needs without spending too much taxpayer-generated money.
“Over the last three decades”是“在过去三十年中”的意思吗
表示“在过去几天或几年中”应怎样表达？
3、A detailed examination of approaches to the management of research and teaching, and academics’ reactions to those approaches can provide insights into the impacts of performance-based and other methods of university budgeting.
“有一个非常详细的案例，是关于教学和科研的管理方法以及学术界对此方法的反映的，该案例为说明以绩效为基础的方式以及其他的高校预算方式提供了深刻的见解”这么翻译准确吗？
4、The empirical research for this project was conducted at the Department of Economic Geography at the University of Hannover, Germany.
empirical research 如何翻译？
万分感谢！！！

Answer 1

1 增加或减少【这里incremental changes是“增量变化”的意思，Incremental这里不做“逐渐增加”解，是“增量”，可以是正增量或负增量。】

2 明白你的意思。用last，主要强调的是“最近的，刚刚过去的”；而past，则没有这方面的意思。这里面有些细微的区别的，能体会吗？

3 我觉得你对这句话的理解基本上是完全错误的。

4 实证研究
Empirical research is any activity that uses direct or indirect observation as its test of reality. If atheoretical, it is a form of inductive reasoning. It may also be conducted according to hypothetico-deductive procedures, such as those developed from the work of R. A. Fisher.

Answer 2

1.或多或少的意思
2。对，纵观过去的30年
in the past few days/years
3.基本上对
4。关于这个工程的这种仅凭经验论研究是由德国HANNOUVR大学经济地理学院来实施的。