如何用Java操作MongoDB
HelloWorld程序
学习任何程序的第一步,都是编写HelloWorld程序,我们也不例外,看下如何通过Java编写一个HelloWorld的程序。
首先,要通过Java操作Mongodb,必须先下载Mongodb的Java驱动程序,可以在这里下载。
新建立一个Java工程,将下载的驱动程序放在库文件路径下,程序代码如下:
package com.mkyong.core;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.Mongo;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java + MongoDB Hello world Example
*
*/
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//实例化Mongo对象,连接27017端口
Mongo mongo = new Mongo("localhost", 27017);
//连接名为yourdb的数据库,假如数据库不存在的话,mongodb会自动建立
DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");
// Get collection from MongoDB, database named "yourDB"
//从Mongodb中获得名为yourColleection的数据集合,如果该数据集合不存在,Mongodb会为其新建立
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("yourCollection");
// 使用BasicDBObject对象创建一个mongodb的document,并给予赋值。
BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();
document.put("id", 1001);
document.put("msg", "hello world mongoDB in Java");
//将新建立的document保存到collection中去
collection.insert(document);
// 创建要查询的document
BasicDBObject searchQuery = new BasicDBObject();
searchQuery.put("id", 1001);
// 使用collection的find方法查找document
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(searchQuery);
//循环输出结果
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(cursor.next());
}
System.out.println("Done");
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MongoException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
最后,输出的结果为:
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4dbe5596dceace565d229dc3"} ,
"id" : 1001 , "msg" : "hello world mongoDB in Java"}
Done
在上面的例子中,演示了使用Java对Mongodb操作的重要方法和步骤,首先通过创建Mongodb对象,传入构造函数的参数是Mongodb的数据库所在地址和端口,然后使用
getDB方法获得要连接的数据库名,使用getCollection获得数据集合的名,然后通过新建立BasicDBObject对象去建立document,最后通过collection的insert方法,将建立的document保存到数据库中去。而collection的find方法,则是用来在数据库中查找document。
从Mongodb中获得collection数据集
在Mongodb中,可以通过如下方法获得数据库中的collection:
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("yourCollection");
如果你不知道collection的名称,可以使用db.getCollectionNames()获得集合,然后再遍历,如下:
DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");
Set collections = db.getCollectionNames();
for(String collectionName : collections){
System.out.println(collectionName);
}
完成的一个例子如下:
package com.mkyong.core;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Set;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.Mongo;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java : Get collection from MongoDB
*
*/
public class GetCollectionApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Mongo mongo = new Mongo("localhost", 27017);
DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");
Set<String> collections = db.getCollectionNames();
for (String collectionName : collections) {
System.out.println(collectionName);
}
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("yourCollection");
System.out.println(collection.toString());
System.out.println("Done");
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MongoException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Mongodb中如何插入数据
下面,讲解下如何使用4种方式,将JSON数据插入到Mongodb中去。首先我们准备JSON
格式的数据,如下:
{
"database" : "mkyongDB",
"table" : "hosting",
"detail" :
{
records : 99,
index : "vps_index1",
active : "true"
}
}
}
我们希望用不同的方式,通过JAVA代码向Mongodb插入以上格式的JSON数据
第一种方法,是使用BasicDBObject,方法如下代码所示:
BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();
document.put("database", "mkyongDB");
document.put("table", "hosting");
BasicDBObject documentDetail = new BasicDBObject();
documentDetail.put("records", "99");
documentDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");
documentDetail.put("active", "true");
document.put("detail", documentDetail);
collection.insert(document);
第二种方法是使用BasicDBObjectBuilder对象,如下代码所示:
BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("database", "mkyongDB")
.add("table", "hosting");
BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("records", "99")
.add("index", "vps_index1")
.add("active", "true");
documentBuilder.add("detail", documentBuilderDetail.get());
collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());
第三种方法是使用Map对象,代码如下:
Map documentMap =new HashMap();
documentMap.put("database", "mkyongDB");
documentMap.put("table", "hosting");
Map documentMapDetail =new HashMap();
documentMapDetail.put("records", "99");
documentMapDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");
documentMapDetail.put("active", "true");
documentMap.put("detail", documentMapDetail);
collection.insert(new BasicDBObject(documentMap));
第四种方法,也就是最简单的,即直接插入JSON格式数据
String json ="{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',"+
"'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}";
DBObject dbObject =(DBObject)JSON.parse(json);
collection.insert(dbObject);
这里使用了JSON的parse方法,将解析后的JSON字符串转变为DBObject对象后再直接插入到collection中去。
完整的代码如下所示:
packagecom.mkyong.core;
importjava.net.UnknownHostException;
importjava.util.HashMap;
importjava.util.Map;
importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObjectBuilder;
importcom.mongodb.DB;
importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;
importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;
importcom.mongodb.DBObject;
importcom.mongodb.Mongo;
importcom.mongodb.MongoException;
importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;
/**
* Java MongoDB : Insert a Document
*
*/
publicclass InsertDocumentApp {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
try{
Mongo mongo =new Mongo("localhost", 27017);
DB db = mongo.getDB("yourdb");
// get a single collection
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("dummyColl");
// BasicDBObject example
System.out.println("BasicDBObject example...");
BasicDBObject document =new BasicDBObject();
document.put("database", "mkyongDB");
document.put("table", "hosting");
BasicDBObject documentDetail =new BasicDBObject();
documentDetail.put("records", "99");
documentDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");
documentDetail.put("active", "true");
document.put("detail", documentDetail);
collection.insert(document);
DBCursor cursorDoc = collection.find();
while(cursorDoc.hasNext()){
System.out.println(cursorDoc.next());
}
collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());
// BasicDBObjectBuilder example
System.out.println("BasicDBObjectBuilder example...");
BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("database", "mkyongDB")
.add("table", "hosting");
BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("records", "99")
.add("index", "vps_index1")
.add("active", "true");
documentBuilder.add("detail", documentBuilderDetail.get());
collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());
DBCursor cursorDocBuilder = collection.find();
while(cursorDocBuilder.hasNext()){
System.out.println(cursorDocBuilder.next());
}
collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());
// Map example
System.out.println("Map example...");
Map documentMap =new HashMap();
documentMap.put("database", "mkyongDB");
documentMap.put("table", "hosting");
Map documentMapDetail =new HashMap();
documentMapDetail.put("records", "99");
documentMapDetail.put("index", "vps_index1");
documentMapDetail.put("active", "true");
documentMap.put("detail", documentMapDetail);
collection.insert(new BasicDBObject(documentMap));
DBCursor cursorDocMap = collection.find();
while(cursorDocMap.hasNext()){
System.out.println(cursorDocMap.next());
}
collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());
// JSON parse example
System.out.println("JSON parse example...");
String json ="{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',"+
"'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}";
DBObject dbObject =(DBObject)JSON.parse(json);
collection.insert(dbObject);
DBCursor cursorDocJSON = collection.find();
while(cursorDocJSON.hasNext()){
System.out.println(cursorDocJSON.next());
}
collection.remove(new BasicDBObject());
}catch(UnknownHostException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(MongoException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}