如何区分as引导的方式状语从句和定语从句
1.方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
(1)as引导行为方式状语从句时,意为“如同……”、“按照……的方式(样子,办法)”。这种从句常位于主句之后。
(2)(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体。
(3) as if/though引导的方式状语从句比较容易区分。
2.as引导限制性定语从句时,构成“the same ... as ...”, “such ... as ...”, “as many (much, few, little) ... as ...”等结构。 as可替代先行词,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或状语。
3. as引导的非限制性定语从句,可以修饰整个主句和主句中的一部分。从句可位于主句之前、句中或主句之后,通常用逗号将其与主句隔开。这时as可译为“正如”、“正像”。
常见的这种定语从句还有: as has been said before(如前所述); as is mentioned above(如上面提到的); as may be imagined(正如可想象的那样); as is well known to us all(众所周知); as (sb) all know(众所周知); as often happens(正如经常发生的那样); as has already been pointed out(正如已经指出的那样); as we all can see(正像我们都能看到的那样)等。
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2022-07-20
as引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别
一、as引导定语从句
as引导定语从句时,既可以引导限定性定语从句,又可以引导非限定性定语从句。区分as引导定语从句和其它从句的关键特征是:as引导定语从句时在从句中做成分,通常做主语或宾语。
1、as引导限定性定语从句。
如从句所修饰的名词前有such、the same、as出现,后面的定语从句将由as引导,形成such...as,the same...as,as…as这样的固定结构,译为“和……一样”。
例1:I never heard such stories as he told.
我从未听过他所讲的那样的故事。
例2:He’ll repeat such questions as are discussed in the book.
他将重复书中讨论过的问题。
例3:They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.
他们犯了和其他人在这种场合下会犯的同样错误。
2、as引导非限定性定语从句。
as引导非限定性定语从句,往往指代一整句话,通常表示“正如”的意思。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置相对比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前、之后或中间。
例:As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
众所周知,月亮绕着地球转。
二、as引导时间状语从句
as引导时间状语从句多用于口语,强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”,有时还有“随着”的含义。
例1:As I was going out, it began to rain.
当我出门时,开始下雨了。(as强调两个动作紧接着发生,不强调下雨的特定时间。)
例2:As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
随着时间的推移,他会理解我所讲的话。
三、as引导原因状语从句
as表示“因为”,与because相比,较口语化,所表达的原因语气较弱,所表的原因比较明显,或是已知的事实。
例1:As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
因为天气太糟糕,我们不得不推迟旅行。
例2:Any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum.
任何新型能源都将大受欢迎,因为石油已经出现短缺。
四、as引导方式状语从句
as表示“按照”,“以……方式”,“像……一样”,“正如”。
例:Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗
注:as在引导方式状语从句时,还常出现在一个固定的类比结构中:(just) as …, so…。这一句型表示类比,基本含义是“正如……,所以……”。
例:Just as virtue is its own reward, so is vice its own punishment.
善有善报,恶有恶报。
五、as引导让步状语从句
as可以表示“尽管”,“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,但必须构成倒装。让步状语从句倒装规则有两类:
1、 形容词/副词/分词/名词(无冠词)/介词短语等+as+主语+谓语动词,主句。
例1:Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you.
我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活。
例2:Child as he is, he knows to help others.
尽管他是个孩子,他懂得帮助别人。
2、动词原形+as+主语+助动词(may/might, will/would, can/could, do/does/did),主句。
例:Try as we may, we cannot sense directly the television signal sent out from the broadcast station.
尽管我们费了很大的劲,也无法直接觉察发射台发出的电视信号。
六、as引导比较状语从句
as引导比较状语从句,其基本结构是as…as。前一个as是副词,后一个as是比较状语从句的连词。否定结构为not so much … as …。
例1:Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.
尽管蚂蚁很小,但是它同地球上的任何其他动物一样,也是一种动物。
例2:It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.
与其说是他受到了许多打击,还不如说是缺乏斗志使他输掉了比赛。