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英语好的请进
英语的句子成分里一般有什么成分,比如状语啊什么的,都是用来表示什么??还有一般句子的结构是哪几种??(本人目前初三)动名词作主语,动词直接作主语,动词不定式作主语有什么区...
英语的句子成分里一般有什么成分,比如状语啊什么的,都是用来表示什么??还有一般句子的结构是哪几种??(本人目前初三)
动名词作主语,动词直接作主语,动词不定式作主语有什么区别?
比如说:学好一门外语需要若干年时间。 这句话翻译过来是用什么作主语,为什么? 展开
动名词作主语,动词直接作主语,动词不定式作主语有什么区别?
比如说:学好一门外语需要若干年时间。 这句话翻译过来是用什么作主语,为什么? 展开
4个回答
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英语句子成分结构详解
定语 | 状语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 同位语 | 独立成分 | 分词独立结构
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
>> 主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
>> 主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
>> There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 返回
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 返回
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'
副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)
不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语:
Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)
状语从句:
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
比较状语从句
让步状语从句
条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语: 返回
>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.
五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 返回
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语: 返回
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。 返回
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语:称呼人的用语。
插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 返回
例:
错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
时态的语法放不下了 ,自己去看好吗?http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/12691924.html?si=1
多读读英语文章,培养语感,这样作题目会比较有感觉!!
加油~~~
惭愧抄袭别人的。
动名词作主语,动词直接作主语,动词不定式作主语表示的意思不同。
Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is no use asking him for help.
2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
(85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out.
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:
(92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:
It /There is no use crying over the split milk.
It /There is no help taking this medicine.
★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:
(93) There is no good for us to do that exercise.
3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:
How to solve the problem is a hot potato.
Where to put the box seems hard to decide.
Whether to do it hasn’t been decided.
What to do next is up to you.
“学好一门外语需要若干年时间。”翻译为:
To learn a foreign language well needs several years.
一般表示一个长期的活动过程用不定式形势作主语,所以主语是不定式To learn a foreign language。
定语 | 状语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 同位语 | 独立成分 | 分词独立结构
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
>> 主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
>> 主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
>> There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 返回
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 返回
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'
副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)
不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语:
Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)
状语从句:
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
比较状语从句
让步状语从句
条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语: 返回
>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.
五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 返回
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语: 返回
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。 返回
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语:称呼人的用语。
插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 返回
例:
错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
时态的语法放不下了 ,自己去看好吗?http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/12691924.html?si=1
多读读英语文章,培养语感,这样作题目会比较有感觉!!
加油~~~
惭愧抄袭别人的。
动名词作主语,动词直接作主语,动词不定式作主语表示的意思不同。
Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is no use asking him for help.
2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
(85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out.
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:
(92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:
It /There is no use crying over the split milk.
It /There is no help taking this medicine.
★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:
(93) There is no good for us to do that exercise.
3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:
How to solve the problem is a hot potato.
Where to put the box seems hard to decide.
Whether to do it hasn’t been decided.
What to do next is up to you.
“学好一门外语需要若干年时间。”翻译为:
To learn a foreign language well needs several years.
一般表示一个长期的活动过程用不定式形势作主语,所以主语是不定式To learn a foreign language。
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一般的句子结构由主谓宾构成。
这句话,动名词或动词不定式都可以做主语
Learning/To learn a foreign language well needs some years.
动词不可以直接做主语,动词只能做谓语。
PS:动名词与不定式的区别
一、作主语
1.不定式与动名词均可作主语,两者常可换用。例如:
Cleaning the playground / To clean the playground is her fulltime job. 打扫操场的卫生是她的专职工作。
To watch / Watching them play football is very interesting. 看他们踢足球是很有趣的。
2. 注意前后一致的原则,如主语是不定式或动名词,表语也用不定式或动名词。例如:
To see her is to love her.谁看见她都会喜欢她。
Saving is having. 节约即是收入。
3. 但如果作主语的不定式是固定的说法,或表示一种强烈的对比,或指具体的某次动作等时,通常不用动名词代替不定式。例如:
To love others is to be loved. 爱人即爱己。(表示对比)
To learn a language in one month is impossible. 在一个月内学会一门语言是不可能的。(表示某次具体的动作)
二、作表语
1. 不定式和动名词均可作表语,解释或说明主语的具体内容,两者常可换用,但需要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如:
My work is looking after / to look after the children.我的工作是照看这些孩子。
To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。(比较:Living is doing something worthwhile.)
2. 如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言,或表示"同意;命令;决定;劝告"等意,则往往用不定式作表语。例如:
The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们必须明天交练习。
三、作宾语
1. 有些动词后可接动名词作宾语,但不可接不定式作宾语;有些动词则反之。详细内容见本报第1期第1面"动词不定式过关指导"。
2. begin, start, hate, like, love, prefer 等动词后接不定式与接动名词区别不大,但这类动词与 should 或 would 连用时,只接不定式;begin 或 start 用于进行时态时,后面常常接不定式。例如:
I don't like troubling / to trouble him. 我不想去麻烦他。
Would you like to leave a message? 你要不要留个话儿?
3. 某些动词后接动名词与接不定式意义不同。这类动词常用的有 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean 等。如 remember, forget 后接不定式表示未发生的动作,接动名词表示已发生的动作;regret 后接不定式表示"遗憾;抱歉",常与 to say, to tell, to inform 等连用, 后接动名词指对已发生的事表示"后悔或悔恨";stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事", stop doing sth. 表示"停止做某事";try to do sth. 表示"试图做某事",try doing sth. 表示"试试做某事";mean to do sth. 表示"有意或打算做某事", mean doing sth. 表示"意味着……"。例如:
I remember seeing you somewhere in Guilin.我记得在桂林的什么地方见到过你。(seeing 这个动作已经发生)
Remember to mail the letter for me. 记住帮我寄这封信。(to mail 这个动作尚未发生)
4. want 及 need 表示主语"想或需要"做某事,后接不定式的主动式作宾语;want, need 及 require 表示主语"需要"被作某种处置,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式均可。例如:
I want to paint the wall. 我想粉刷这堵墙。
The wall wants painting / to be painted. 这墙需要粉刷了。
四、作定语
1. 动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途。例如:
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。
There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。
2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。例如:
That will be the only thing to do now. 那恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。
Is that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗?
这句话,动名词或动词不定式都可以做主语
Learning/To learn a foreign language well needs some years.
动词不可以直接做主语,动词只能做谓语。
PS:动名词与不定式的区别
一、作主语
1.不定式与动名词均可作主语,两者常可换用。例如:
Cleaning the playground / To clean the playground is her fulltime job. 打扫操场的卫生是她的专职工作。
To watch / Watching them play football is very interesting. 看他们踢足球是很有趣的。
2. 注意前后一致的原则,如主语是不定式或动名词,表语也用不定式或动名词。例如:
To see her is to love her.谁看见她都会喜欢她。
Saving is having. 节约即是收入。
3. 但如果作主语的不定式是固定的说法,或表示一种强烈的对比,或指具体的某次动作等时,通常不用动名词代替不定式。例如:
To love others is to be loved. 爱人即爱己。(表示对比)
To learn a language in one month is impossible. 在一个月内学会一门语言是不可能的。(表示某次具体的动作)
二、作表语
1. 不定式和动名词均可作表语,解释或说明主语的具体内容,两者常可换用,但需要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如:
My work is looking after / to look after the children.我的工作是照看这些孩子。
To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。(比较:Living is doing something worthwhile.)
2. 如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言,或表示"同意;命令;决定;劝告"等意,则往往用不定式作表语。例如:
The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们必须明天交练习。
三、作宾语
1. 有些动词后可接动名词作宾语,但不可接不定式作宾语;有些动词则反之。详细内容见本报第1期第1面"动词不定式过关指导"。
2. begin, start, hate, like, love, prefer 等动词后接不定式与接动名词区别不大,但这类动词与 should 或 would 连用时,只接不定式;begin 或 start 用于进行时态时,后面常常接不定式。例如:
I don't like troubling / to trouble him. 我不想去麻烦他。
Would you like to leave a message? 你要不要留个话儿?
3. 某些动词后接动名词与接不定式意义不同。这类动词常用的有 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean 等。如 remember, forget 后接不定式表示未发生的动作,接动名词表示已发生的动作;regret 后接不定式表示"遗憾;抱歉",常与 to say, to tell, to inform 等连用, 后接动名词指对已发生的事表示"后悔或悔恨";stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事", stop doing sth. 表示"停止做某事";try to do sth. 表示"试图做某事",try doing sth. 表示"试试做某事";mean to do sth. 表示"有意或打算做某事", mean doing sth. 表示"意味着……"。例如:
I remember seeing you somewhere in Guilin.我记得在桂林的什么地方见到过你。(seeing 这个动作已经发生)
Remember to mail the letter for me. 记住帮我寄这封信。(to mail 这个动作尚未发生)
4. want 及 need 表示主语"想或需要"做某事,后接不定式的主动式作宾语;want, need 及 require 表示主语"需要"被作某种处置,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式均可。例如:
I want to paint the wall. 我想粉刷这堵墙。
The wall wants painting / to be painted. 这墙需要粉刷了。
四、作定语
1. 动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途。例如:
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。
There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。
2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。例如:
That will be the only thing to do now. 那恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。
Is that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗?
参考资料: 英语辅导报高二版 04~05学年度第3期
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基本句型是应该掌握,这是英语语法的基础和重中之重。下面给了一些资料,但是还是要自己好好看一下语法书。
动词不可做主语。动名词和不定式可以做主语。他们的区别就是主语表达的事物不同。动名词和不定式作主语就是用“什么样的行为”做主语。
比如你说的那句话可以用动名词或不定式做主语。
Learning a foreign language well needs several years.
To learn a foreign language well needs several years.
主语是 学习英语这个动作或者说这个行为
句型结构:
1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语)
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词)
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式)
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,
propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,
observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,
practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有:Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得)
, hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see
(看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。
3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2) 表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。
4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,
hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词)
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词)
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词)
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接 宾) + D O(直接 宾)
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,
pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),
save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾) + O C(宾补)
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,
want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,
expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,
teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,
notice, see, watch等。
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词)
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,
observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
动词不可做主语。动名词和不定式可以做主语。他们的区别就是主语表达的事物不同。动名词和不定式作主语就是用“什么样的行为”做主语。
比如你说的那句话可以用动名词或不定式做主语。
Learning a foreign language well needs several years.
To learn a foreign language well needs several years.
主语是 学习英语这个动作或者说这个行为
句型结构:
1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语)
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词)
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式)
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,
propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,
observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,
practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有:Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得)
, hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see
(看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。
3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2) 表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。
4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,
hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词)
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词)
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词)
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接 宾) + D O(直接 宾)
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,
pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),
save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾) + O C(宾补)
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,
want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,
expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,
teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,
notice, see, watch等。
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词)
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,
observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
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英语中 分虚词无实际含义 介 叹 连 贯 实词有实际含义 名 代 形容词 动 副 数词
主谓宾定状补表是组成一个句子的成分,英语中任何句子莫过于5种基本简单句型
主语动作的发出者 谓语动作执行者(就是具体动作)宾语动作承受者 表语修饰主语、宾语总之一句话句子中的名字都可用表语修饰eg漂亮的 勇敢的(汉语里带“的”),副词修饰动词
1.主+谓 eg:He died.
2.主 系 表eg: He is kind.系表做复合谓语
3.主+谓+宾eg:I hate you.
4.主 谓 宾 宾补 eg:Tom is the boy wearing a hat .
(Tom 是主语 is是谓语 the boy是宾语 wearing a hat是形容宾语的,也就是宾补 )
5.主+谓+双宾 eg:He gave me a book .
( he是主语 gave是谓语 me是间接宾语 a book是直接宾语 因为有两个宾语,所以叫做双宾语)
动名词作主语,动词直接作主语,动词不定式作主语有什么区别?
英语中只有名词(如花草树木楼房飞机)和代词(如人称代词 你我他)才能做主语
动词直接作主语是祈使句
其他的做主语只不过它有名词词性 比如 如open既可作动词用,又可作 形容词用
动词不定式作主语 也是它有名词词性
To learn a language well will take many years.
原因见上一行
还有什么不懂可以问我
写起来很麻烦建议买本初中生的语法书
主谓宾定状补表是组成一个句子的成分,英语中任何句子莫过于5种基本简单句型
主语动作的发出者 谓语动作执行者(就是具体动作)宾语动作承受者 表语修饰主语、宾语总之一句话句子中的名字都可用表语修饰eg漂亮的 勇敢的(汉语里带“的”),副词修饰动词
1.主+谓 eg:He died.
2.主 系 表eg: He is kind.系表做复合谓语
3.主+谓+宾eg:I hate you.
4.主 谓 宾 宾补 eg:Tom is the boy wearing a hat .
(Tom 是主语 is是谓语 the boy是宾语 wearing a hat是形容宾语的,也就是宾补 )
5.主+谓+双宾 eg:He gave me a book .
( he是主语 gave是谓语 me是间接宾语 a book是直接宾语 因为有两个宾语,所以叫做双宾语)
动名词作主语,动词直接作主语,动词不定式作主语有什么区别?
英语中只有名词(如花草树木楼房飞机)和代词(如人称代词 你我他)才能做主语
动词直接作主语是祈使句
其他的做主语只不过它有名词词性 比如 如open既可作动词用,又可作 形容词用
动词不定式作主语 也是它有名词词性
To learn a language well will take many years.
原因见上一行
还有什么不懂可以问我
写起来很麻烦建议买本初中生的语法书
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