Question

如何创建一个RESTful WCF Service

Answer 1

1）：用VS2013创建一个WCF的工程，如下图所示：

2）：我们来看一下默认状态下的config文件内容，这里的内容我们会再后续的步骤中进行修改

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>

<appSettings>
<add key="aspnet:UseTaskFriendlySynchronizationContext" value="true" />
</appSettings>
<system.web>
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5"/>
</system.web>
<system.serviceModel>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior>
<!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the values below to false before deployment -->
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true"/>
<!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information -->
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<protocolMapping>
<add binding="basicHttpsBinding" scheme="https" />
</protocolMapping>
<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />
</system.serviceModel>
<system.webServer>
<modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/>
<!--
To browse web app root directory during debugging, set the value below to true.
Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing web app folder information.
-->
<directoryBrowse enabled="true"/>
</system.webServer>

</configuration>

3）：我们对工程文件及其内容做一下修改，具体代码如下所示：
3.1）：UserData class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Web;

namespace EricSunWcfService
{
[DataContract]
public class UserData
{
[DataMember]
public string Name { get; set; }
[DataMember]
public string Password { get; set; }
[DataMember]
public string Email { get; set; }
}
}

3.2）：IDataService，这个接口是从默认的IService1修改而来，并且这里提供了两种方法，一个是GET，另外是POST，都是简单的返回UserData对象的Json字符串

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;

namespace EricSunWcfService
{
// NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the interface name "IService1" in both code and config file together.
[ServiceContract]
public interface IUserService
{
[OperationContract]
[WebInvoke(Method = "GET", UriTemplate = "getuser/{name}", RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json, ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
UserData GetUserData(string name);

[OperationContract]
[WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "checkuser", RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json, ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
UserData CheckUserData(UserData user);
}
}

3.3）：UserService，这个文件名是从默认的Service1修改过来的

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;

namespace EricSunWcfService
{
// NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the class name "Service1" in code, svc and config file together.
// NOTE: In order to launch WCF Test Client for testing this service, please select Service1.svc or Service1.svc.cs at the Solution Explorer and start debugging.
public class UserService : IUserService
{
public UserData GetUserData(string name)
{
UserData user = new UserData();
user.Name = name;
user.Email = "test@123.com";
return user;
}

public UserData CheckUserData(UserData user)
{
user.Name += "-test";
return user;
}
}
}

3.4）：我们可以点击对应的Service的‘View Markup’来修改ServiceHost的信息，如下图所示

4）：我们在IIS中创建一个Site来Host我们所提供的WCF Service，用http协议并且将端口绑定为8089，与此同时制定好Physical path，如下图所示
【注：请将创建的Application Pool的.Net Framework Version修改成为4.0】

5）：在目前这种状态下还不能成功的访问对应的WCF Service的，我们需要对web.config进行修改

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>

<appSettings>
<add key="aspnet:UseTaskFriendlySynchronizationContext" value="true" />
</appSettings>
<system.web>
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5"/>
</system.web>
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<service name="EricSunWcfService.UserService" behaviorConfiguration="RESTBehaviour">
<endpoint address=""
binding="webHttpBinding"
contract="EricSunWcfService.IUserService"
behaviorConfiguration="ESEndPointBehavior"/>
</service>
</services>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="RESTBehaviour">
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/>
</behavior>

<behavior>
<!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the values below to false before deployment -->
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true"/>
<!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information -->
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
<endpointBehaviors>
<behavior name="ESEndPointBehavior">
<webHttp/>
</behavior>
</endpointBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<protocolMapping>
<add binding="basicHttpsBinding" scheme="https" />
</protocolMapping>
<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />
</system.serviceModel>
<system.webServer>
<!--
To browse web app root directory during debugging, set the value below to true.
Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing web app folder information.
-->
<directoryBrowse enabled="true"/>
<modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/>
</system.webServer>

</configuration>

6）：config文件配置完毕后，我们就可访问此URL：http://localhost:8089/UserService.svc 来判断我们Service提供的正确与否，若是看到下面的截图则表明Service无误