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英语句式
在英语学习中应当注意句式的变化,它的变化是随所要表达的意思的变化而变化的.是想肯定还是要否定,是疑问还是反问,是时强调还是一般, 是命令还是陈述, 因此 ,不同的句式表达不同的语气.下面介绍几种句式:
一、 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是用来表示向对方提出反问的一种句式.表示说话人对所提问题的答案有所了解.有时不需要得到回答.
反意疑问句的结构分为两部分,即:陈述部分 和疑问部分 (疑问部分用简略形式),陈述部分与疑问部分用逗号隔开.
反意疑问句有两种形式,一种是前肯定后否定;另一种是前否定后肯定.如 :
You are a student , aren't you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
You are not a student, are you ? 你不是学生,对吗?
应当注意反意疑问句的答语, 与汉语略有区别,特别是前否定后肯定类型的反意疑问句. 例如: -----You are a student, are you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
----- Yes, I am . ( No, I am not ) 是的, 我是. (不是,我不是 . )
------- You are not a student, are you ? 你不是一个学生,对吗?
------- No, I am not .( Yes, I am ) 对,我不是. ( 不对, 我是 . )
当陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分人称和谓语动词一般与主句一致,但是 当主句有I ( don't) believe ( think , suppose , guess ... )疑问部分人称和谓语动词应该与从句一致.主句的否定实际上是对从句的否定.例如: I don't think he will come , will he ? 我想他不会回来,对吧?
I think he can swim , can't he ? 我想他能游泳,对吧 ?
练习题
填词完成反意疑问句
1. He wouldn't wait in line the next day ,______ ?
2. She has been learning English , _________ ?
3. We can't take the books out ,________ ?
4. He has to go home on foot , ________ ?
5. You haven't had your lunch ________ ?
6.We have nothing to eat , ________ ?
7.They dislike the book ,________ ?
8. There used to be a post office in the street ,________ ?
9. He said that he would not go with us ,________ ?
10.We must hand in the exercises , ________ ?
11.You dare to jump off the wall ,________ ?
12. He made a few mistakes in his exercises , ________ ?
13 She must be a music lover ,________ ?
14.I suppose you know her address ,________ ?
15. I don't think you 're serious , ________ ?
16.Let us do the jobs by ourselves ,________ ?
17. -----He used not to smoke , usedn't he ?
----- _____,he used to . The doctor always tole him not to .
18. Do the homework by yourselves , ________ ?
19 Let's enter the hall ,________ ?
20 .You must have seen him yesterday ,________ ?
答案
1. would he 2.hasn't she 3.can we 4.doesn't he 5.have you 6.have we 7.don't they 8. usedn't there 9.didn't he 10.mustn't we 11.don' t you 12.didn't he 13.isn't she 14.don't you 15.are you 16.will you 17.Yes 18.will you 19.will you 20.didn't
二、祁使句
祁使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祁使句有以下五种:
1) Let's 开头的祁使句 如: Let's say it in English .
2) 动词原形开头的祁使句. 如: Listen to the teacher .
3) Shall I 开头的祁使句 . 如: Shall I carry the parcel for you ?
4) Will you 开头的祁使句. 如: Will you come here early ?
5) 以 Please 开头的祁使句 如: Please take a message for him.
6）带呼语的祈使句 ， 如： Mary, come down here ! (对mary 讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)
7）不让对方做某事, 英语用 " Don't " . 例如:
Don't speak loud . 不要大声讲话.
Don't write in that way . 不要那样写.
练习题
翻译下列各句
1.咱们一起玩吧!
2.请不要迟到.
3.回答这个问题.
4.我来打开窗户好吗?
5.你和我们一起去好吗?
答案
1. Let's play together!
2.Don't be late.
3.Answer this question.
4.Shall I open the window ?
5.Will you go with us ?
三、强调句
强调句式用来加强语气,强调结构为: It is ( was ) ...(强调部分) that ( who ) ... ( 保留部分), 词结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分.如: The boy played football on the street .
It was the boy who played on the street . ( 强调主语 )
It was football that the boy played on the street . ( 强调宾语)
It was on the street that the boy played football. ( 强调状语)
运用强调句型时应注意以下几个问题:
1) 当被强调的句子是过去时,强调句型中用 was ,被强调的句子是现在时, 强调句型用is
2)但强调的部分是人时,强调句型中用 who , 其他情况用 that
3) 但强调谓语动词时 ,用 " do " 动词. 例如: He did finished his homework .
他确实完成了作业 .
练习题
强调划线部分
1. I read this book- report only last Saturday .
2. I happened not to be in London at that time .
3. Master Wu taught us how to run the machine .
4.I seem to have heard of the name .
5.He joined the army three years ago.
答案
1.It was this book-report that I read only last Saturday .
2. It wasat that time that I happened not to be in London .
3. It was Master Wu who taught us how to run the machine .
4. It is the name that I seem to have heard of .
5.It was three years ago that I joined that army .
四、否定句
否定句从否定的位置上分为主语的否定,谓语的否定和宾语的否定.例如:
Nobody can do such a thing . (主语的否定 , 意思为: 没有人能做出这样的事情来.)
I can't remember his telephone number. (谓语的否定, 意思为:我不能记起他的电话号码.)
He told me nothing . ( 宾语的否定, 意思为: 他什么也没告诉我.)
否定句从意义上分为:部分否定和全部否定. 例如:
All the girls don't like bright colours .
(部分否定.意思为; 不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色.)
= Not all the girls like bright colours . ( 意思同上)
None of the girls like bright colours .
( 全部否定,意思为:没有一个女孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色)
运用 否定句应注意的几个问题:
1) 否定主语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , no one , none ,no, little , few
2)否定谓语的否定词有: not , never , hardly ,scarcely ,seldom
3)否定宾语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , none , no , little, few
4) 当主语是 anything , anybody 时, 谓语动词不能用否定式,如果要否定就要用全部否定. 如: Anybody can't live without air . (错误)
Nobody can live without air . ( 正确)
5) 部分否定与相应的全部否定
部分否定 全部否定
all ...not = not all none
both... not = not both neither
everything...not=not everything nothing
everyone ...not=not everyone no one
6) no 与not 的区别
no是形容词,not 是副词 . no放在名词之前,not 与动词连用.
I have no orange . ( 我没有桔汁.)
I do not have any orange .( 我没有桔 汁.)
练习题
I. 变为否定句
1. He reads English every morning .
2.They can swim across the river .
3. We have practised the pattens many times.
4. It is necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have some bread to eat .
6. They are playing basketball.
7. The teachers will go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls wore the skirts yesterday .
9.I think that he is right .
10.Come to the party early .
答案
1. He doesn't read English every morning .
2.They can not swim across the river .
3. We have not practised the pattens many times.
4. It is not necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have not any bread to eat .
6. They are not playing basketball.
7. The teachers will not go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls didn't wear the skirts yesterday .
9.I don't think that he is right .
10. Don't come to the party early .
II. 把下列各句变成全部否定
1. Both of the brothers work as farmers .
2. All of them are studying hard .
3. Either of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace somewhere.
5. Everything is ready .
答案
1.Neither of the brothers works as farmers .
2. None of them are studying hard .
3.Neither of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace nowhere.
5.Nothing is ready .
III. 根据汉语完成句子
1. It is too dangerous _______ . ( 横穿马路）
2 . He is _____ fool . ( 绝不傻）
3. We told him _______. (不要去那儿）
4. The old woman can ________ .( 几乎不能念书）
5.There is _______ in the bottle .( 没什么水）
答案
1.to cross the road
2. no
3. not to go there
4. hardly read
5. little water
综合练习题
I.按要求改写或完成下列各句
1. It depends on whether we have enough time . (强调划线部分）
2. The students have done everything for the meeting . ( 改为否定句）
3.Everyone knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .(改为全部否定）
4. I don't think he can climb up that tall tree ,_______ ? ( 完成反意疑问句）
5. Let's _______ time . ( 不浪费时间)
6. _____ away my dictionary .( 不要拿走)
7.He gave me the newspaper . (强调划线部分)
8.There are some computeres in the lab . (改为否定句)
9.I know all of them . ( 否定宾语)
10. He was at home at six o'clock . (强调划线部分)
答案
1.It was whether we have enough time that it depends on .
2. The students have done nothing for the meeting .
3.No one knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .
4. can he
5. not waste
6.Don't take
7.He did give me the newspaper.
8.There are any computers in the lab .
9.I know none of them .
10.It was at six o'clock that he was at home .
II. 翻译下列句子(英译汉)
1. Be sure to lock the door before you leave the room .
2.Take care not to leave anything behind .
3.How beautiful the flowers look in the vase !
4.She can't be in the dormitory now , can she ?
5.You didn't go to the show that night , did you ?
No, I didn't .
6.It is she who has made much progress .
7. Tom did say that he would telephone us about it .
8.All the workers are not building the bridge .
9.The problem is so difficult that few has worked it out .
10. Not both of them should be punished .
答案
1. 离开房间之前一定要锁好门.
2. 当心不要丢下什么东西.
3.花瓶里的花看上去多么漂亮啊!
4.她现在不可能在宿舍,对吗?
5.你那天没有去展览会,对吗?
对,我没去.
6.是她取得了很大的进步.
7.汤姆确实说这事儿要打电话给我们.
8.并不是所有的工人都在建桥.
9.这个问题如此难以至于每几个人做出来.
10.并不是它们两个都该受到惩罚.
III .翻译下列句子(汉译英)
1. 杯子里没什么水，是吧？
2. 他很少按时到家，对吧？
3. 一定要写信给我，好吗？
4. 你没有完成作业，对吗？ 不，我完成了作业。
5. 我认为他不认真 ，对吗？
6. 就是在街上我找到了汤姆。
7.他们两个人都不喜欢看电影。
8. 医生让我不要抽烟。
9. 我们去教室好吗？
10. 你递给我一杯水好吗？
答案
1.There is little waterin the cup , is there ?
2. He seldom comes back on time , does he ?
3. Be sure to write to me ,will you ?
4.You haven't finished you homework ,have you ?
Yes, I have .
5.I don't suppose he is serious , is he ?
6.It was in the street that I found Tom .
7.Neither of them likes seeing films .
8. The doctor asked me not to smoke .
9. Shall we go to the classroom ?
10. Will you pass me a cup of water ?
在英语学习中应当注意句式的变化,它的变化是随所要表达的意思的变化而变化的.是想肯定还是要否定,是疑问还是反问,是时强调还是一般, 是命令还是陈述, 因此 ,不同的句式表达不同的语气.下面介绍几种句式:
一、 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是用来表示向对方提出反问的一种句式.表示说话人对所提问题的答案有所了解.有时不需要得到回答.
反意疑问句的结构分为两部分,即:陈述部分 和疑问部分 (疑问部分用简略形式),陈述部分与疑问部分用逗号隔开.
反意疑问句有两种形式,一种是前肯定后否定;另一种是前否定后肯定.如 :
You are a student , aren't you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
You are not a student, are you ? 你不是学生,对吗?
应当注意反意疑问句的答语, 与汉语略有区别,特别是前否定后肯定类型的反意疑问句. 例如: -----You are a student, are you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
----- Yes, I am . ( No, I am not ) 是的, 我是. (不是,我不是 . )
------- You are not a student, are you ? 你不是一个学生,对吗?
------- No, I am not .( Yes, I am ) 对,我不是. ( 不对, 我是 . )
当陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分人称和谓语动词一般与主句一致,但是 当主句有I ( don't) believe ( think , suppose , guess ... )疑问部分人称和谓语动词应该与从句一致.主句的否定实际上是对从句的否定.例如: I don't think he will come , will he ? 我想他不会回来,对吧?
I think he can swim , can't he ? 我想他能游泳,对吧 ?
练习题
填词完成反意疑问句
1. He wouldn't wait in line the next day ,______ ?
2. She has been learning English , _________ ?
3. We can't take the books out ,________ ?
4. He has to go home on foot , ________ ?
5. You haven't had your lunch ________ ?
6.We have nothing to eat , ________ ?
7.They dislike the book ,________ ?
8. There used to be a post office in the street ,________ ?
9. He said that he would not go with us ,________ ?
10.We must hand in the exercises , ________ ?
11.You dare to jump off the wall ,________ ?
12. He made a few mistakes in his exercises , ________ ?
13 She must be a music lover ,________ ?
14.I suppose you know her address ,________ ?
15. I don't think you 're serious , ________ ?
16.Let us do the jobs by ourselves ,________ ?
17. -----He used not to smoke , usedn't he ?
----- _____,he used to . The doctor always tole him not to .
18. Do the homework by yourselves , ________ ?
19 Let's enter the hall ,________ ?
20 .You must have seen him yesterday ,________ ?
答案
1. would he 2.hasn't she 3.can we 4.doesn't he 5.have you 6.have we 7.don't they 8. usedn't there 9.didn't he 10.mustn't we 11.don' t you 12.didn't he 13.isn't she 14.don't you 15.are you 16.will you 17.Yes 18.will you 19.will you 20.didn't
二、祁使句
祁使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祁使句有以下五种:
1) Let's 开头的祁使句 如: Let's say it in English .
2) 动词原形开头的祁使句. 如: Listen to the teacher .
3) Shall I 开头的祁使句 . 如: Shall I carry the parcel for you ?
4) Will you 开头的祁使句. 如: Will you come here early ?
5) 以 Please 开头的祁使句 如: Please take a message for him.
6）带呼语的祈使句 ， 如： Mary, come down here ! (对mary 讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)
7）不让对方做某事, 英语用 " Don't " . 例如:
Don't speak loud . 不要大声讲话.
Don't write in that way . 不要那样写.
练习题
翻译下列各句
1.咱们一起玩吧!
2.请不要迟到.
3.回答这个问题.
4.我来打开窗户好吗?
5.你和我们一起去好吗?
答案
1. Let's play together!
2.Don't be late.
3.Answer this question.
4.Shall I open the window ?
5.Will you go with us ?
三、强调句
强调句式用来加强语气,强调结构为: It is ( was ) ...(强调部分) that ( who ) ... ( 保留部分), 词结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分.如: The boy played football on the street .
It was the boy who played on the street . ( 强调主语 )
It was football that the boy played on the street . ( 强调宾语)
It was on the street that the boy played football. ( 强调状语)
运用强调句型时应注意以下几个问题:
1) 当被强调的句子是过去时,强调句型中用 was ,被强调的句子是现在时, 强调句型用is
2)但强调的部分是人时,强调句型中用 who , 其他情况用 that
3) 但强调谓语动词时 ,用 " do " 动词. 例如: He did finished his homework .
他确实完成了作业 .
练习题
强调划线部分
1. I read this book- report only last Saturday .
2. I happened not to be in London at that time .
3. Master Wu taught us how to run the machine .
4.I seem to have heard of the name .
5.He joined the army three years ago.
答案
1.It was this book-report that I read only last Saturday .
2. It wasat that time that I happened not to be in London .
3. It was Master Wu who taught us how to run the machine .
4. It is the name that I seem to have heard of .
5.It was three years ago that I joined that army .
四、否定句
否定句从否定的位置上分为主语的否定,谓语的否定和宾语的否定.例如:
Nobody can do such a thing . (主语的否定 , 意思为: 没有人能做出这样的事情来.)
I can't remember his telephone number. (谓语的否定, 意思为:我不能记起他的电话号码.)
He told me nothing . ( 宾语的否定, 意思为: 他什么也没告诉我.)
否定句从意义上分为:部分否定和全部否定. 例如:
All the girls don't like bright colours .
(部分否定.意思为; 不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色.)
= Not all the girls like bright colours . ( 意思同上)
None of the girls like bright colours .
( 全部否定,意思为:没有一个女孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色)
运用 否定句应注意的几个问题:
1) 否定主语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , no one , none ,no, little , few
2)否定谓语的否定词有: not , never , hardly ,scarcely ,seldom
3)否定宾语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , none , no , little, few
4) 当主语是 anything , anybody 时, 谓语动词不能用否定式,如果要否定就要用全部否定. 如: Anybody can't live without air . (错误)
Nobody can live without air . ( 正确)
5) 部分否定与相应的全部否定
部分否定 全部否定
all ...not = not all none
both... not = not both neither
everything...not=not everything nothing
everyone ...not=not everyone no one
6) no 与not 的区别
no是形容词,not 是副词 . no放在名词之前,not 与动词连用.
I have no orange . ( 我没有桔汁.)
I do not have any orange .( 我没有桔 汁.)
练习题
I. 变为否定句
1. He reads English every morning .
2.They can swim across the river .
3. We have practised the pattens many times.
4. It is necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have some bread to eat .
6. They are playing basketball.
7. The teachers will go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls wore the skirts yesterday .
9.I think that he is right .
10.Come to the party early .
答案
1. He doesn't read English every morning .
2.They can not swim across the river .
3. We have not practised the pattens many times.
4. It is not necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have not any bread to eat .
6. They are not playing basketball.
7. The teachers will not go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls didn't wear the skirts yesterday .
9.I don't think that he is right .
10. Don't come to the party early .
II. 把下列各句变成全部否定
1. Both of the brothers work as farmers .
2. All of them are studying hard .
3. Either of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace somewhere.
5. Everything is ready .
答案
1.Neither of the brothers works as farmers .
2. None of them are studying hard .
3.Neither of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace nowhere.
5.Nothing is ready .
III. 根据汉语完成句子
1. It is too dangerous _______ . ( 横穿马路）
2 . He is _____ fool . ( 绝不傻）
3. We told him _______. (不要去那儿）
4. The old woman can ________ .( 几乎不能念书）
5.There is _______ in the bottle .( 没什么水）
答案
1.to cross the road
2. no
3. not to go there
4. hardly read
5. little water
综合练习题
I.按要求改写或完成下列各句
1. It depends on whether we have enough time . (强调划线部分）
2. The students have done everything for the meeting . ( 改为否定句）
3.Everyone knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .(改为全部否定）
4. I don't think he can climb up that tall tree ,_______ ? ( 完成反意疑问句）
5. Let's _______ time . ( 不浪费时间)
6. _____ away my dictionary .( 不要拿走)
7.He gave me the newspaper . (强调划线部分)
8.There are some computeres in the lab . (改为否定句)
9.I know all of them . ( 否定宾语)
10. He was at home at six o'clock . (强调划线部分)
答案
1.It was whether we have enough time that it depends on .
2. The students have done nothing for the meeting .
3.No one knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .
4. can he
5. not waste
6.Don't take
7.He did give me the newspaper.
8.There are any computers in the lab .
9.I know none of them .
10.It was at six o'clock that he was at home .
II. 翻译下列句子(英译汉)
1. Be sure to lock the door before you leave the room .
2.Take care not to leave anything behind .
3.How beautiful the flowers look in the vase !
4.She can't be in the dormitory now , can she ?
5.You didn't go to the show that night , did you ?
No, I didn't .
6.It is she who has made much progress .
7. Tom did say that he would telephone us about it .
8.All the workers are not building the bridge .
9.The problem is so difficult that few has worked it out .
10. Not both of them should be punished .
答案
1. 离开房间之前一定要锁好门.
2. 当心不要丢下什么东西.
3.花瓶里的花看上去多么漂亮啊!
4.她现在不可能在宿舍,对吗?
5.你那天没有去展览会,对吗?
对,我没去.
6.是她取得了很大的进步.
7.汤姆确实说这事儿要打电话给我们.
8.并不是所有的工人都在建桥.
9.这个问题如此难以至于每几个人做出来.
10.并不是它们两个都该受到惩罚.
III .翻译下列句子(汉译英)
1. 杯子里没什么水，是吧？
2. 他很少按时到家，对吧？
3. 一定要写信给我，好吗？
4. 你没有完成作业，对吗？ 不，我完成了作业。
5. 我认为他不认真 ，对吗？
6. 就是在街上我找到了汤姆。
7.他们两个人都不喜欢看电影。
8. 医生让我不要抽烟。
9. 我们去教室好吗？
10. 你递给我一杯水好吗？
答案
1.There is little waterin the cup , is there ?
2. He seldom comes back on time , does he ?
3. Be sure to write to me ,will you ?
4.You haven't finished you homework ,have you ?
Yes, I have .
5.I don't suppose he is serious , is he ?
6.It was in the street that I found Tom .
7.Neither of them likes seeing films .
8. The doctor asked me not to smoke .
9. Shall we go to the classroom ?
10. Will you pass me a cup of water ?
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