【常考句型】（14）几种重要的虚拟语气
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1.if虚拟条件句
1. 与现在事实相反，if条件从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句用would/could/should+do
例：If I were in your position, I would call the police immediately. 如果我处在你的位置，我会立即打电话报警。
2 .与过去事实相反，if 条件从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have done
例：We would have missed our flight yesterday if John hadn’t offered us a lift. 昨天要不是约翰让我们搭车，我们就会错过航班了。
3 .与将来事实相反，if 条件从句谓语动词用一般过去式或should do或were to do，主句用would/could/should+do
例：If I had (should have) time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. 如果我明天有空的话，我当然会帮助你的。
【历年真题】
We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.（北京高考）
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
选D。句意：要是你没弄丢地图的话，我们现在就回到宾馆了。根据条件状语从句中if we didn’t lose the map可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选D。
2. wish句型
1 、wish that sb. did sth. 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you. 我希望和你一样强壮。
考—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ______ always late.（北京高考）
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
选A。句意：——孩子们在哪儿？这顿饭就要彻底泡汤了。——但愿他们永远都不要迟到。考查虚拟语气。根据句意表示的是现在的愿望，所以用一般过去时，故选A。
2. wish that sb. had done sth. 希望某人过去做某事
例I wish you had told me earlier. 要是你早点告诉我就好了。
3. wish that sb. would/could do sth. 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time. 我希望你这次会成功。
3.It is high time that sb. did (should do) sth. 该……的时候了
例It is high time that we went to the classroom. 该我们进教室的时候了。
4.but for, without 要不是……，要是没有……
用由but for和without构成的虚拟语气，相当于if... not...引导的虚拟语气句式。
例：But for your advice, I would have failed. 要不是你的建议，我就失败了。
=If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have failed.
Without your help, I would not have accomplished this task. 要不是你的帮助，我就完成不了这项任务了。
=If I hadn’t got your help, I would not have accomplished this task.
5.if only 要是……就好了
例If only I had another chance! 要是我再有一次机会就好了！
6.as if/though 好像，似乎
用以as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：
例：They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如同陌生人。
【历年真题】
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it?（重庆高考）
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
选A。考查虚拟语气的用法。as if后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。根据前一句中谓语动词用一般过去时可知，as if后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词需用过去完成时。故选A。
7.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
1、动词expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish等的过去完成时态，或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望，常意为“本来希望、计划、打算……做……但实际没做到”。
例I had planned to go abroad after graduation, but my mother was ill。我本来计划毕业后出国的，但是我母亲生病了。
2、情态动词should, could, might, ought to等后接完成时，表示过去本该做、打算做、想做而未做的事情。结构如下：
should have done=ought to have done本应该做而没做
could have done 本可以做某事而没做
might have done 本可以做而没做
例：They ought to have apologized. 他们本该道歉的。
I missed the important meeting. You should have reminded me of attending the meeting yesterday. 我错过了这次重要会议。你昨天本该提醒我参加这次会议的。
【EXERCISE】
1.______ your timely help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. I can’t thank you too much.
A. Rather than
B. Except for
C. In addition to
D. But for
2.I ______ to send him a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I ______ it.
A. hoped; hadn’t managed
B. hoped; didn’t manage
C. hope; don’t manage
D. had hoped; didn’t manage
3.—How did you do in the test?
—Not so well. I ______ much better but I misread the directions for Part D.
A. could have done
B. could do
C. must have done
D. should do
4.It’s a pity you were late, otherwise you ______ the film star Rain from Korea.
A. would have seen
B. must have seen
C. may have seen
D. can have seen
5.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive
B. must have driven
C. would have driven
D. had driven
6.The printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
7.—Is the manager available tomorrow afternoon?
—No, he is busy. Otherwise he ______ the meeting.
A. had attended
B. would have attended
C. would attend
D. could have attended
8.He was fired. If he ______ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. follows
9.—Why wasn’t John hired for the job?
—I don’t know, but he ______.
A. was
B. had been
C. should have
D. should have been
答案
01-05 DDAAC
06-09 BCCD
1. 与现在事实相反，if条件从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句用would/could/should+do
例：If I were in your position, I would call the police immediately. 如果我处在你的位置，我会立即打电话报警。
2 .与过去事实相反，if 条件从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have done
例：We would have missed our flight yesterday if John hadn’t offered us a lift. 昨天要不是约翰让我们搭车，我们就会错过航班了。
3 .与将来事实相反，if 条件从句谓语动词用一般过去式或should do或were to do，主句用would/could/should+do
例：If I had (should have) time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. 如果我明天有空的话，我当然会帮助你的。
【历年真题】
We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.（北京高考）
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
选D。句意：要是你没弄丢地图的话，我们现在就回到宾馆了。根据条件状语从句中if we didn’t lose the map可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选D。
2. wish句型
1 、wish that sb. did sth. 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you. 我希望和你一样强壮。
考—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ______ always late.（北京高考）
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
选A。句意：——孩子们在哪儿？这顿饭就要彻底泡汤了。——但愿他们永远都不要迟到。考查虚拟语气。根据句意表示的是现在的愿望，所以用一般过去时，故选A。
2. wish that sb. had done sth. 希望某人过去做某事
例I wish you had told me earlier. 要是你早点告诉我就好了。
3. wish that sb. would/could do sth. 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time. 我希望你这次会成功。
3.It is high time that sb. did (should do) sth. 该……的时候了
例It is high time that we went to the classroom. 该我们进教室的时候了。
4.but for, without 要不是……，要是没有……
用由but for和without构成的虚拟语气，相当于if... not...引导的虚拟语气句式。
例：But for your advice, I would have failed. 要不是你的建议，我就失败了。
=If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have failed.
Without your help, I would not have accomplished this task. 要不是你的帮助，我就完成不了这项任务了。
=If I hadn’t got your help, I would not have accomplished this task.
5.if only 要是……就好了
例If only I had another chance! 要是我再有一次机会就好了！
6.as if/though 好像，似乎
用以as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：
例：They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如同陌生人。
【历年真题】
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it?（重庆高考）
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
选A。考查虚拟语气的用法。as if后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。根据前一句中谓语动词用一般过去时可知，as if后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词需用过去完成时。故选A。
7.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
1、动词expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish等的过去完成时态，或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望，常意为“本来希望、计划、打算……做……但实际没做到”。
例I had planned to go abroad after graduation, but my mother was ill。我本来计划毕业后出国的，但是我母亲生病了。
2、情态动词should, could, might, ought to等后接完成时，表示过去本该做、打算做、想做而未做的事情。结构如下：
should have done=ought to have done本应该做而没做
could have done 本可以做某事而没做
might have done 本可以做而没做
例：They ought to have apologized. 他们本该道歉的。
I missed the important meeting. You should have reminded me of attending the meeting yesterday. 我错过了这次重要会议。你昨天本该提醒我参加这次会议的。
【EXERCISE】
1.______ your timely help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. I can’t thank you too much.
A. Rather than
B. Except for
C. In addition to
D. But for
2.I ______ to send him a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I ______ it.
A. hoped; hadn’t managed
B. hoped; didn’t manage
C. hope; don’t manage
D. had hoped; didn’t manage
3.—How did you do in the test?
—Not so well. I ______ much better but I misread the directions for Part D.
A. could have done
B. could do
C. must have done
D. should do
4.It’s a pity you were late, otherwise you ______ the film star Rain from Korea.
A. would have seen
B. must have seen
C. may have seen
D. can have seen
5.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive
B. must have driven
C. would have driven
D. had driven
6.The printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
7.—Is the manager available tomorrow afternoon?
—No, he is busy. Otherwise he ______ the meeting.
A. had attended
B. would have attended
C. would attend
D. could have attended
8.He was fired. If he ______ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. follows
9.—Why wasn’t John hired for the job?
—I don’t know, but he ______.
A. was
B. had been
C. should have
D. should have been
答案
01-05 DDAAC
06-09 BCCD
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