2015年6月英语四级冲刺试卷(二)
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、根据材料，回答57-66问题。
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA.,B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A.By imitating what other people do.
B.By making mistakes and having them corrected.
C.By listening to explanations from skilled people.
D.By asking a great many questions.
58、The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.
A.not really important skills
B.more important than other skills
C.basically different from learning adult skills
D.basically the same as learning other skills
59、According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.
A.allow children to learn by himself or herself
B.point out children's mistakes whenever they're found
C.correct children's mistakes as soon as possible
D.give children more book knowledge
60、The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.
A.the identifier and corrector of their errors
B.their helper and guide
C.the person to grade their performance and give feedbacks
D.the person to pass on something essential to them
61、The title of this passage could probably be__________.
A.Let Teachers Stop Work
B.Let Us Make Children Learn
C.Let Children Correct Their Own Papers
D.Let Children Learn by Themselves
62、根据材料，回答62-71问题。
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.
A.listing the consequences of each solution
B.calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C.writing down all possible solutions
D.deciding which consequences are most important
63、According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that__________.
A.has the fewest variables to consider
B.uses the most decision worksheets
C.has the most points assigned to it
D.is agreed to by the greatest number of people
64、The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of__________.
A.describing a process
B.classifying different types
C.providing historical background
D.explaining a theory
65、The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.
A.neural
B.approving
C.ambiguous
D.biased
66、The passage mainly discusses __________.
A.a tool to assist in making complex decisions
B.a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
C.research on how people make decisions
D.differences between making long-range and short-range decisions
