2014年英语专四考试词汇语法题考前练兵（13）
1个回答
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Test Thirteen
引起倒装的前置状语
当句首状语为否定词或带否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。这些词语常见的有：never, not for one minute, no longer, on no account, no more, nowhere else, at no time, hardly, scarcely, rarely, not for nothing等。例如：
Never have I found him in such a good mood.
句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语分句”构成，也可引起局部倒装。例如：
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
以关联连词not only(but also)和so(...that)开头的句子，通常引起局部倒装。例如：
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
近义词辨析
gaze, glare, gape, peer, stare?
这组词均含有“注意地或专注地看”的意思。
gaze
指长时间目不转晴地看或凝视，常用于表达惊奇、羡慕或心不在焉的心情。
We gazed at the rough sea lost in thought.我们凝视波涛汹涌的大海，陷入沉思。
glare
指怒目而视，敌视或仇视
People glared at the man who had assassinated their premier.人们愤怒地瞪着刺杀了他们总理的凶手。
gape
指目瞪口呆地凝视，常有发呆的意味。
Tourists gaped at the animal keeper feeding meat to the lions.游客们目不转晴地看着饲养员给狮子喂肉。
peer
指眯起眼睛窥视。
The detective peered into the room through his binoculars.侦探用望远镜向屋内窥视。
stare
指睁大眼睛看，带有好奇、猜疑或傲慢等含义。
The girl stared at the beggar instead of giving him some money.小女孩冷冷地盯着乞丐，没给他钱。
全真模拟试题
1. Any steam engine gives us an example of ?____? into work.
A.heats having turned B. heats turning
C. heats having been turned D. heat being turned
2. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of?______? reality.
A. what it is conceived B. that is conceived
C. that is being conceived D. what is conceived to be
3. Not until a monkey is several years old ?____? to exhibit signs of independence from its mother.
A.it does begin B. when it begins
C. does it begin D. before it begins
4. Television will be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen, payment?____? by direct debit of their credit cards.
A. making it B. is made
C. being made D. will be made
5. A woman has to be ?____? a man to go half as far.
A. twice as good as B. as twice good as
C. twice good as D. twice so good as
6. Hardly had we got on the bus ?____? it began to rain.
A. when B. since C. but D. before
7. I’m sorry I can’t go with you, but I wish you ?____?.
A. a good time B. have a good time
C. to have a good time D. will have a good time
8. Many a time ?____? them not to do so.
A. we have warned B. do we have warned
C. have we warned D. warned we have
9. They have produced ?____?.
A. 10 more pianos this month than last month
B. 10 pianos more this monththan last month
C. 10 pianos this month as many as last month
D. 10 as many pianos this month as last month
10. He was hungry and ordered two ?____? of fish.
A. shares B. parts C. portions D. sections
11. The best students are ?____? special scholarships.
A. awarded B. rewarded C. forwarded D. honored
12. She stood up and ?____? in strong language.
A. opposed B. reckoned C. objected D. shouted
13. After becoming paralysed, Jane had to get used to the loss of?____?.She hated having to depend on others for things she once did for herself.
A. authority B. autonomy
C. attraction D. dependence
14. Having poor handwriting is not much of a ?____? in an age of typewriters and computers.
A. difference B. possibility
C. convention D. liability
15. The ?____? grades are generally considered to be kindergarten through third grade.
A. primitive B. primary C. promising D. proceeding
16. The meal was excellent; the pears were particularly?____?.
A. flavored B. delicious C. tasteful D. gracious
17. His parents give him many expensive toys as some form of ?____?for his lameness and inability to play active games.
A. remedy B. compensation
C. treatment D. comfort
18. To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ?____? of the human life span.
A. increase B. expansion
C. growth D. prolongation
19. She was at the ?____? of her career when she was badly injured in the car accident.
A. bloom B. peak C. excess D. extreme
20. Should the ?____? of patriotism be controlled by reason
??A. sentiment B. affection C. emotion D. passion
21.?____? going through to New York yesterday to attend his son’s wedding, Dr. Knapp flew to Chicago for a flower show.
A. On the contrary B. In spite of
C. Instead of D. Because of
22.?____? to the question of refreshments, I should think orange juice and potato chips will be sufficient.
A.Due B. As C. Prior D. According
23. To most of the undergraduate students, the doctoral degree is a distant ?____?.
A. theme B. prospect C. threshold D. token
24. The party’s reduced vote was ?____? of lack of support for its policies.
A. authoritative B. acute
C. adverse D. indicative
25. Plato’s teaching had a profound ?____? on Aristotle.
A. sentiment B. affect C. effect D.sanction
试题答案与解析
1. D)【句意】蒸汽机是将热转化为能的一个例子。
【难点】heat是不可数名词，是being turned的逻辑主语。
2. D)【句意】从本质上说，理论是对虚构现实的一种抽象的并具有象征性的展示。
【难点】介词of后应接宾语，B)和C)为定语从句，但无先行词;A)中it为多余，只有D)为名词性从句，可作of的宾语。
3. C)【句意】猴子要到几岁的时候才能表现出脱离母亲而独立的迹象。
【难点】否定词not用于句首，要用倒装句，即把句子谓语的情态动词或助动词提到主语前面。
4. C)【句意】人们将使用电视在家里舒舒服服地购物，可以通过屏幕进行订货，所需支付的款项可直接从信用卡扣除。
【难点】此句为独立主格，分句动词应用分词形式。
5. A)【句意】一个女人如果想走男人的一半距离的话，那么她的体力必须是男人的二倍
【难点】表示“有…几倍好”用“几倍+as+adj +as”结构。
6. A)【句意】我们刚上车，就下起雨来了。
【难点】hardly位于句首，句子要用倒装形式。Hardly通常与when连用，表示“一……就……”
7. A)【句意】对不起，我不能跟你去，但是我希望你玩得愉快。
【难点】wish的祝愿句中，wish后的直接宾语通常是名词。
8. C)【句意】我们多次警告他们不要这样做。
【难点】“Many a time”引导倒装。
9. A)【句意】他们这个月生产的钢琴比上个月多十台。
【难点】表示程度的状语应放在比较形容词或副词前面。
10. C)【句意】他饿极了，点了两份鱼。
【难点】portion意为“(食物的)一份”;share意为“一份，份额”，指数量讲;part意为“部分”;section意为“(事物的)部分;(文章等的)段落，节”。
11. A)【句意】最好的学生被颁发特殊奖学金。
【难点】award意为“授予;颁发”;reward意为“酬谢，奖励”，常与with连用;forward意为“促进，推动”;honor意为“使增光，给…以荣誉”
12. C)【句意】她站起身，用激烈的言辞表示反对。
【难点】object意为“反对，不赞成;提出异议”,指有不同意见。oppose意为“反对;反抗”，及物动词;reckon意为“计算;数”;shout意为“叫喊”。
13. B)【句意】瘫痪后，珍妮不得不去习惯失去自由行动能力的状态，她讨厌依赖他人做她以前自己能做的事情。
【难点】autonomy意为“人身自由;自主权”;authority意为“权力;管辖权”;attraction意为“吸引”;dependence意为“依靠，依赖;依赖关系”。
14. D)【句意】字写得不好在打字机和电脑时代算不上不利条件。
【难点】liability意为“不利条件，妨碍的人(或物)”;difference意为“差异”;possibility意为“可能性”;convention意为“社会习俗”。
15. B)【句意】一般认为初级年级是从幼儿园到三年级。
【难点】primary意为“初级的;小学的”，primitive意为“原始的，上古的;早期的”;promising意为“有希望的，有前途的;大有可为的”;preceding意为“在前的，在先的”。
16. B)【句意】这顿饭真好吃，尤其是梨，很香。
【难点】delicious意为“美味的，可口的”;flavored意为“特殊风味的”;tasteful意为“有鉴赏力的;趣味高雅的”;gracious意为“亲切的，和蔼的;殷勤的”。
17. B)【句意】由于跛足，他不能玩运动量大的游戏，他的父母给了他很多昂贵的玩具作为某种形式的补偿。
【难点】compensation意为“补偿”;remedy意为“补救;纠正(办法)”;treatment意为“治疗，疗法”;comfort意为“安慰，慰藉”。
18. D)【句意】未来的科学发现将在多大程度上延长人的寿命呢?
【难点】prolongation意为“延长，拉长”;increase意为“增加;增大”;expansion意为“扩大，扩充”;growth意为“增长，增加;生长”。
19. B)【句意】正当事业处于顶峰的时候，她出了车祸，受了重伤。
【难点】peak意为“顶点，顶峰”，常用于词组at the peak of 中;bloom 意为“开花期;繁花盛开”，常用于词组 in the bloom of …;excess意为“超越，越过”;extreme意为“极度(状态)”。
20. A)【句意】爱国主义情操应该受理智控制吗?
【难点】sentiment意为“情操”，含有较大的理智因素。affection意为“喜爱，爱心”，指热烈亲切慈爱的感情。emotion意为“情绪，激情”，主要指精神上的感情。passion意为“热情，激情”，指一种与理智相对而言的强烈的情感，这种情感往往使一个人的判断受到影响。
21. C)【句意】耐普博士昨天没去纽约参加儿子的婚礼而是飞到芝加哥去看花展。
【难点】instead of 意为“代替，而不是”;on the contrary 意为“正相反”;in spite of 意为“不顾，尽管”;because of 意为“由于，因为”。四个词组中，只有instead of 后面可接动名词doing的形式。
22. C) 【句意】我想，在吃点心前桔汁和土豆片就足以吃饱了。
【难点】prior to 意为“在…以前，先于”;due to 意为“由于，因为”;as to 意为“至于，关于”; according to 意为“根据，按照”。
23. B)【句意】对多数本科生来说，博士学位是一个遥远的前景。
【难点】prospect意为“(经济、地位等)前景，前程;景象”;theme 意为“主题，题目”;threshold意为“门槛;开端”;token意为“标志，象征，记号”。
24. D)【句意】该党得票下降暗示该党的政策缺少支持。
【难点】indicative意为“象征的，暗示的”，后接of，构成词组;authoritative意为“权威性的，可信的”;acute意为“尖锐的，敏锐的”;adverse意为“不利的，有害的”。
25. C)【句意】柏拉图的教学对亚里士多得有深远的影响。
【难点】effect意为“作用，影响”，have an effect on …意为“对…有影响。”sentiment意为“感情，意见”;affect意为“影响，假装”，是动词;sanction意为“赞许，支持;鼓励”。
引起倒装的前置状语
当句首状语为否定词或带否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。这些词语常见的有：never, not for one minute, no longer, on no account, no more, nowhere else, at no time, hardly, scarcely, rarely, not for nothing等。例如：
Never have I found him in such a good mood.
句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语分句”构成，也可引起局部倒装。例如：
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
以关联连词not only(but also)和so(...that)开头的句子，通常引起局部倒装。例如：
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
近义词辨析
gaze, glare, gape, peer, stare?
这组词均含有“注意地或专注地看”的意思。
gaze
指长时间目不转晴地看或凝视，常用于表达惊奇、羡慕或心不在焉的心情。
We gazed at the rough sea lost in thought.我们凝视波涛汹涌的大海，陷入沉思。
glare
指怒目而视，敌视或仇视
People glared at the man who had assassinated their premier.人们愤怒地瞪着刺杀了他们总理的凶手。
gape
指目瞪口呆地凝视，常有发呆的意味。
Tourists gaped at the animal keeper feeding meat to the lions.游客们目不转晴地看着饲养员给狮子喂肉。
peer
指眯起眼睛窥视。
The detective peered into the room through his binoculars.侦探用望远镜向屋内窥视。
stare
指睁大眼睛看，带有好奇、猜疑或傲慢等含义。
The girl stared at the beggar instead of giving him some money.小女孩冷冷地盯着乞丐，没给他钱。
全真模拟试题
1. Any steam engine gives us an example of ?____? into work.
A.heats having turned B. heats turning
C. heats having been turned D. heat being turned
2. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of?______? reality.
A. what it is conceived B. that is conceived
C. that is being conceived D. what is conceived to be
3. Not until a monkey is several years old ?____? to exhibit signs of independence from its mother.
A.it does begin B. when it begins
C. does it begin D. before it begins
4. Television will be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen, payment?____? by direct debit of their credit cards.
A. making it B. is made
C. being made D. will be made
5. A woman has to be ?____? a man to go half as far.
A. twice as good as B. as twice good as
C. twice good as D. twice so good as
6. Hardly had we got on the bus ?____? it began to rain.
A. when B. since C. but D. before
7. I’m sorry I can’t go with you, but I wish you ?____?.
A. a good time B. have a good time
C. to have a good time D. will have a good time
8. Many a time ?____? them not to do so.
A. we have warned B. do we have warned
C. have we warned D. warned we have
9. They have produced ?____?.
A. 10 more pianos this month than last month
B. 10 pianos more this monththan last month
C. 10 pianos this month as many as last month
D. 10 as many pianos this month as last month
10. He was hungry and ordered two ?____? of fish.
A. shares B. parts C. portions D. sections
11. The best students are ?____? special scholarships.
A. awarded B. rewarded C. forwarded D. honored
12. She stood up and ?____? in strong language.
A. opposed B. reckoned C. objected D. shouted
13. After becoming paralysed, Jane had to get used to the loss of?____?.She hated having to depend on others for things she once did for herself.
A. authority B. autonomy
C. attraction D. dependence
14. Having poor handwriting is not much of a ?____? in an age of typewriters and computers.
A. difference B. possibility
C. convention D. liability
15. The ?____? grades are generally considered to be kindergarten through third grade.
A. primitive B. primary C. promising D. proceeding
16. The meal was excellent; the pears were particularly?____?.
A. flavored B. delicious C. tasteful D. gracious
17. His parents give him many expensive toys as some form of ?____?for his lameness and inability to play active games.
A. remedy B. compensation
C. treatment D. comfort
18. To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ?____? of the human life span.
A. increase B. expansion
C. growth D. prolongation
19. She was at the ?____? of her career when she was badly injured in the car accident.
A. bloom B. peak C. excess D. extreme
20. Should the ?____? of patriotism be controlled by reason
??A. sentiment B. affection C. emotion D. passion
21.?____? going through to New York yesterday to attend his son’s wedding, Dr. Knapp flew to Chicago for a flower show.
A. On the contrary B. In spite of
C. Instead of D. Because of
22.?____? to the question of refreshments, I should think orange juice and potato chips will be sufficient.
A.Due B. As C. Prior D. According
23. To most of the undergraduate students, the doctoral degree is a distant ?____?.
A. theme B. prospect C. threshold D. token
24. The party’s reduced vote was ?____? of lack of support for its policies.
A. authoritative B. acute
C. adverse D. indicative
25. Plato’s teaching had a profound ?____? on Aristotle.
A. sentiment B. affect C. effect D.sanction
试题答案与解析
1. D)【句意】蒸汽机是将热转化为能的一个例子。
【难点】heat是不可数名词，是being turned的逻辑主语。
2. D)【句意】从本质上说，理论是对虚构现实的一种抽象的并具有象征性的展示。
【难点】介词of后应接宾语，B)和C)为定语从句，但无先行词;A)中it为多余，只有D)为名词性从句，可作of的宾语。
3. C)【句意】猴子要到几岁的时候才能表现出脱离母亲而独立的迹象。
【难点】否定词not用于句首，要用倒装句，即把句子谓语的情态动词或助动词提到主语前面。
4. C)【句意】人们将使用电视在家里舒舒服服地购物，可以通过屏幕进行订货，所需支付的款项可直接从信用卡扣除。
【难点】此句为独立主格，分句动词应用分词形式。
5. A)【句意】一个女人如果想走男人的一半距离的话，那么她的体力必须是男人的二倍
【难点】表示“有…几倍好”用“几倍+as+adj +as”结构。
6. A)【句意】我们刚上车，就下起雨来了。
【难点】hardly位于句首，句子要用倒装形式。Hardly通常与when连用，表示“一……就……”
7. A)【句意】对不起，我不能跟你去，但是我希望你玩得愉快。
【难点】wish的祝愿句中，wish后的直接宾语通常是名词。
8. C)【句意】我们多次警告他们不要这样做。
【难点】“Many a time”引导倒装。
9. A)【句意】他们这个月生产的钢琴比上个月多十台。
【难点】表示程度的状语应放在比较形容词或副词前面。
10. C)【句意】他饿极了，点了两份鱼。
【难点】portion意为“(食物的)一份”;share意为“一份，份额”，指数量讲;part意为“部分”;section意为“(事物的)部分;(文章等的)段落，节”。
11. A)【句意】最好的学生被颁发特殊奖学金。
【难点】award意为“授予;颁发”;reward意为“酬谢，奖励”，常与with连用;forward意为“促进，推动”;honor意为“使增光，给…以荣誉”
12. C)【句意】她站起身，用激烈的言辞表示反对。
【难点】object意为“反对，不赞成;提出异议”,指有不同意见。oppose意为“反对;反抗”，及物动词;reckon意为“计算;数”;shout意为“叫喊”。
13. B)【句意】瘫痪后，珍妮不得不去习惯失去自由行动能力的状态，她讨厌依赖他人做她以前自己能做的事情。
【难点】autonomy意为“人身自由;自主权”;authority意为“权力;管辖权”;attraction意为“吸引”;dependence意为“依靠，依赖;依赖关系”。
14. D)【句意】字写得不好在打字机和电脑时代算不上不利条件。
【难点】liability意为“不利条件，妨碍的人(或物)”;difference意为“差异”;possibility意为“可能性”;convention意为“社会习俗”。
15. B)【句意】一般认为初级年级是从幼儿园到三年级。
【难点】primary意为“初级的;小学的”，primitive意为“原始的，上古的;早期的”;promising意为“有希望的，有前途的;大有可为的”;preceding意为“在前的，在先的”。
16. B)【句意】这顿饭真好吃，尤其是梨，很香。
【难点】delicious意为“美味的，可口的”;flavored意为“特殊风味的”;tasteful意为“有鉴赏力的;趣味高雅的”;gracious意为“亲切的，和蔼的;殷勤的”。
17. B)【句意】由于跛足，他不能玩运动量大的游戏，他的父母给了他很多昂贵的玩具作为某种形式的补偿。
【难点】compensation意为“补偿”;remedy意为“补救;纠正(办法)”;treatment意为“治疗，疗法”;comfort意为“安慰，慰藉”。
18. D)【句意】未来的科学发现将在多大程度上延长人的寿命呢?
【难点】prolongation意为“延长，拉长”;increase意为“增加;增大”;expansion意为“扩大，扩充”;growth意为“增长，增加;生长”。
19. B)【句意】正当事业处于顶峰的时候，她出了车祸，受了重伤。
【难点】peak意为“顶点，顶峰”，常用于词组at the peak of 中;bloom 意为“开花期;繁花盛开”，常用于词组 in the bloom of …;excess意为“超越，越过”;extreme意为“极度(状态)”。
20. A)【句意】爱国主义情操应该受理智控制吗?
【难点】sentiment意为“情操”，含有较大的理智因素。affection意为“喜爱，爱心”，指热烈亲切慈爱的感情。emotion意为“情绪，激情”，主要指精神上的感情。passion意为“热情，激情”，指一种与理智相对而言的强烈的情感，这种情感往往使一个人的判断受到影响。
21. C)【句意】耐普博士昨天没去纽约参加儿子的婚礼而是飞到芝加哥去看花展。
【难点】instead of 意为“代替，而不是”;on the contrary 意为“正相反”;in spite of 意为“不顾，尽管”;because of 意为“由于，因为”。四个词组中，只有instead of 后面可接动名词doing的形式。
22. C) 【句意】我想，在吃点心前桔汁和土豆片就足以吃饱了。
【难点】prior to 意为“在…以前，先于”;due to 意为“由于，因为”;as to 意为“至于，关于”; according to 意为“根据，按照”。
23. B)【句意】对多数本科生来说，博士学位是一个遥远的前景。
【难点】prospect意为“(经济、地位等)前景，前程;景象”;theme 意为“主题，题目”;threshold意为“门槛;开端”;token意为“标志，象征，记号”。
24. D)【句意】该党得票下降暗示该党的政策缺少支持。
【难点】indicative意为“象征的，暗示的”，后接of，构成词组;authoritative意为“权威性的，可信的”;acute意为“尖锐的，敏锐的”;adverse意为“不利的，有害的”。
25. C)【句意】柏拉图的教学对亚里士多得有深远的影响。
【难点】effect意为“作用，影响”，have an effect on …意为“对…有影响。”sentiment意为“感情，意见”;affect意为“影响，假装”，是动词;sanction意为“赞许，支持;鼓励”。
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