Question

求大神帮忙翻译一段英语文献

Constitutions are made and then interpreted in complex and distinctive historical contexts.Moreover,many of a constitution's provisions are interdependent on others,designed to create an overall system or balance.So,when I discussed with you functional claims about causal relationships between aspects of a constitutional system in the context of the "case or controversy"requirement,I broadened the lens of comparison,and suggested thinking about it in the context of how the judges are appointed and tenured.On federalism issues,for another example,I have written that it is hard sometimes to do comparisons because federal bargains are always historically contingent and arise out of particular deals struck by particular holders of power in society at one time.Moreover,a constitution's federalist features are interdependent because federal systems look for overall balances.But on reflection,I am not sure whether or to what degree these characteristics are distinctive about constitutional law.Substantive contract law's practical meaning,for example,may depend on the broader legal context,including the procedural rules for litigation,such as who pays attorneys fees,or the practical availability of lawyers or of other means of dispute avoidance or resoltution.So this claim of possible distinctiveness bears further analysis and reflection.

Answer 1

Constitutions are made and then interpreted in complexand distinctive historical contexts.
宪法是在复杂和独特的历史背景形成的。

Moreover,many of a constitution's provisions areinterdependent on others,designed to create an overall system or balance.
此外,许多宪法规定与其他法律规定相互依赖补充,旨在建立平衡健全的法律机制。

So,when I discussed with you functional claims aboutcausal relationships between aspects of a constitutional system in the contextof the "case or controversy"requirement,I broadened the lens ofcomparison,and suggested thinking about it in the context of how the judges areappointed and tenured.
所以, 在宪法制度的背景下，当我和你讨论案例或争议它们之间因果关系时,我夸大了比较对象,在本文中表明法官如何任命及受权。

On federalism issues,for another example,I have writtenthat it is hard sometimes to do comparisons because federal bargains are alwayshistorically contingent and arise out of particular deals struck by particularholders of power in society at one time.
关于联邦制问题,举另一个例子,我也有过研究 ,有时候很难做比较,因为联邦事件，总在历史不同背景情况、条件而产生，或由特定交易产生。通常背后有特定的社会权力者掌控。

Moreover,a constitution's federalist features areinterdependent because federal systems look for overall balances.
此外,宪法的联邦特征是相互依存的,因为联邦要维持整体法制平衡。

But on reflection,I am not sure whether or to what degreethese characteristics are distinctive about constitutional law.
但细想起来,我不确定，也不知道它的这些特征对宪法的帮助到达哪种程度，到底有多优秀？

Substantive contract law's practical meaning,forexample,may depend on the broader legal context,including the procedural rulesfor litigation,such as who pays attorneys fees,or the practical availability oflawyers or of other means of dispute avoidance or resoltution.
实质性合同法实践意义,例如,可能会依赖于更广泛的法律环境,包括诉讼的程序性制度, 如谁支付律师费用,律师的实际服务费或其他解决纠纷的费用和方案费用。

So this claim of possible distinctiveness bears furtheranalysis and reflection.
所以这种说法的特别之处有待进一步分析和说明。

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Answer 2

宪法制定后会在复杂和特定的历史背景下被解释。
此外,一部宪法的很多条款都是相互依赖的,旨在创造一个完整的系统或者平衡。
所以,当我和你讨论关于宪法体制下某一方面“案例或争议”之间的因果关系的功能要求时，我拓宽了比较的视角，建议结合任命和雇佣法官的背景进行考虑.
关于联邦制度的问题，另举一例。我写到，有时候很难做比较，因为联邦契约经常是历史性的偶然而且同一时间会在社会上一些特殊的权力所有者操纵下产生特殊的交易。
此外，一部宪法的联邦特性会相互依赖因为联邦体制需要整体平衡.
但是经过深思，我不确定是否有差异或者说宪法这些特性的差异到了何种程度。
比如合同法的现实意义，可能基于更广泛的法律背景，包括诉讼的程序制度，比如谁支付律师费，或者具有实际可用性的律师还有其他避免争端或分歧的手段。所以这个存在可能性差异的说法值得进一步的分析与思考。

Answer 3

还需要认真翻译一下吗？

宪法是在复杂和独特的历史背景下制定并随后进行解释的。并且，一部宪法的许多条款都是相互依存的，旨在创立一个完整的体系或者平衡系统。所以，当我与你讨论关于在“案件或争议”要求的情况下，一个宪法体系诸多方面的因果关系的功能性权利主张时，我拓宽了比较的镜头，并建议考虑其中的法官是如何任命并获得终身任期的。另一个例子是关于联邦制的问题，我曾经写过，有时候很难进行比较，因为联邦契约讨价还价经常是历史性的不得已而为之，而且有时是由于社会上一些享有特权的人操纵下的特殊交易的结果。另外，一部宪法的联邦特性会相互依赖因为联邦体制需要整体平衡。  不过仔细想来，我不确定宪法这些特性是否有差或者这些差异达到何种程度。比如，实体合同法的现实意义，可能基于更广泛的法律背景，包括诉讼程序的制度，如由谁支付律师费用，或者律师的实际可用性，以及其它争端的规避或裁决手段的实际可用性。所以，这种可能存在差异的说法值得进一步分析与思考。

Answer 4

宪法制定后，人们会在复杂及特定的历史背景下来解读它们。而且宪法的许多条款与其它条款之间会互相联系（依存），这样设计的目的是创建一个总体的法律体系或平衡。因此，