spend, cost, pay, take之间有什么区别?
spend, cost, pay, take。
spend, cost, pay, take这组词的共同意思是“花费”,指某人买或做某事所花费的时间或金钱。其区别是:
1.spend和pay的主语只能是人; cost的主语是物或事; take后接时间时,主语也可以是人。此外,take和cost还可以用动词不定式或动词不定式短语作真实主语,而it为形式主语。例如:
I paid him $200 for this painting.我付他200美元买了这幅画。
She spent ten dollars shopping for food.她购买食品花了10美元。
The work cost me a lot of time and effort.这本著作花费了我大量的时间和精力。
We took a week to finish the work.我们花了一个星期完成这项工作。
It costs us a lot of money to build a house.盖房子花了我们很多钱。
It took me one year to read this book.我用一年时间读了这本书。
2.pay的搭配范围最窄,只接金钱; cost的搭配范围最宽,除接金钱和时间外,还可接劳力、精力、财富、健康、职位甚至生命等。例如:
“Are you paying cash?”“No,I will pay by cheque.”“你付现金吗?”“不,我用支票支付。”
Careless driving cost him his life.粗心大意地开车使他丧了命。
3.spend可接动名词,而cost, pay, take可接动词不定式。
4.spend, take, pay都可用于被动结构,而cost不能用于被动结构。
词汇搭配:
spend money 花钱
afford〔assume, stand〕 the expense 承担费用
avoid expense 避免花费
bear〔take on〕 all the expense 承担全部费用
clear the expenses 支付开销
cut down〔reduce〕 expenses 削减开支
figure out expense 算出费用
spend for, spend in, spend on这三个短语的共同意思是“在…花费…”。其区别是:
1.spend in和spend on既可以用于时间,也可以用于金钱; 而spend for只可以用于金钱。
2.spend on和spend in后既可以接名词,也可以接动名词; 而spend for后多接名词。
3.spend on和spend in在语义上有细微差别。试比较:
He spent a week in touring these six cities.他用了一周时间游览这六个城市。(强调动词宾语)
He spent a week on touring these six cities.他把一周的时间花费在游览这六个城 市上。(强调介词宾语)