英语讲义【14】主动语态之形,被动语态之意

 我来答
皓皓大学长
2023-01-10 · TA获得超过549个赞
知道小有建树答主
回答量:802
采纳率:100%
帮助的人:104万
展开全部
在《语态:主动与被动的关系》一文里,提到有些动词有主动语态之形,但却有被动语态之意。

  这些动词包括及物的(transitive verbs)、不及物的( intransitive verbs)、动名词(gerunds)和不定式动词( infinitives)。这些动词很特别,但数目不多。例如:

  Ⅰ及物动词  ① That house is building (= being built).
  ② The trumpets are sounding ( = being sounded).
  ③ The film is showing now (= being shown now).
  ④ The guns are firing (= being fired).
  ⑤ The drums are beating ( = being beaten).

  Ⅱ不及物动词  ⑥ The middle house won't let.
  ⑦ Porcelain sinks clean easily.
  ⑧ Such potatoes peel well.
  ⑥-⑧中的“出租”、“清洗”和“削”都有“被”的意思。

  Ⅲ动名词  ⑨ Your office needs cleaning (= to be cleaned).
  ⑩ The computer wants servicing (= to be serviced).
  11. This watch requires winding up ( = to be wound up).
  12. That good point bears repeating (= to be repeated).

  Ⅳ不定式动词  13. This is an apartment to let.
  14. Give him a chair to sit down.
  15. There is nothing to do for the time being.
  16. You are to blame.

  13-16中的不定式动词都有被动之意,情况和⑥-⑧中的不及物动词类似,都是具有主动语态之形,含有被动语态之意。然而,这种用法虽很特殊,却不普遍。当这些动词回到本来的性质时,还是有被动语态的, 只是含义有些不同。例如17和18中的(a)和(b)的含义便有些不同:

  17.a) His books sell well.
   b) His books are sold well.

  18.a) Your shoes have worn well.
   b) Your shoes have been worn well.

  (a)的句子表示“书的销路好”和“鞋子耐穿”,都是因为主语有内在的优点。至于(b)的句子,它们只把事实反映出来,没有别的含义。

  最后,当感官动词当接系动词用时,它们也是有主动语态之形,被动语态之意:

  19.Honey tastes sweet.
  20.Glass feels smooth.
  21.Perfume smells good.
  22.The sky seems to appear dark.
  23.The weather has turned hot.
已赞过 已踩过<
你对这个回答的评价是?
评论 收起
推荐律师服务: 若未解决您的问题,请您详细描述您的问题,通过百度律临进行免费专业咨询

为你推荐:

下载百度知道APP,抢鲜体验
使用百度知道APP,立即抢鲜体验。你的手机镜头里或许有别人想知道的答案。
扫描二维码下载
×

类别

我们会通过消息、邮箱等方式尽快将举报结果通知您。

说明

0/200

提交
取消

辅 助

模 式