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Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme
生平简介:
史蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking），1942年1月8日在英国伦敦出生，曾先后毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学三一学院，并获剑桥大学哲学博士学位。他在轮椅上坐了40年，现在全身只有面部肌肉会动，演讲和问答只能通过语音合成器来完成。英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家，是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家，还被称为“宇宙之王”。1942年1月8日生于英国牛津的霍金刚好出生于伽利略逝世300周年纪念日之时。70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。
他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务，那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位，是英国皇家学会会员。
他因患“渐冻症”（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 卢伽雷氏症），禁锢在一把轮椅上达40年之久，他却身残志不残，使之化为优势，克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超新星。他不能写，甚至口齿不清，但他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到广袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。
霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。
他被誉为“在世的最伟大的科学家””另一个爱因斯坦”"不折不扣的生活强者”。
编辑本段相关作品:
《时间简史续编》 作为宇宙学无可争议的权威，霍金的研究成就和生平一直吸引着广大的读者，《时间简史续篇》是为想更多了解霍金教授生命及其学说的读者而编的。该书以坦白真挚的私人访谈形式，叙述了霍金教授的生平历程和研究工作，展现了在巨大的理论架构后面真实的“人”。该书不是一部寻常的口述历史，而是对二十世纪人类最伟大的头脑之一的极为感人又迷人的画像和描述。对于非专业读者，本书无疑是他们享受人类文明成果的机会和滋生宝贵灵感的源泉。
《霍金讲演录——黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》，是由霍金1976-1992年间所写文章和演讲稿共13篇结集而成。讨论了虚时间、有黑洞引起的婴儿宇宙的诞生以及科学家寻求完全统一理论的努力，并对自由意志、生活价值和死亡作出了独到的见解
《时空本性》80年前广义相对论就以完整的数学形式表达出来，量子理论的基本原理在70年前也已出现，然而这两种整个物理学中最精确、最成功的理论能被统一在单独的量子引力中吗？世界上最著名的两位物理学家就此问题展开一场辩论。本书是基于霍金和彭罗斯在剑桥大学的6次演讲和最后辩论而成。
《未来的魅力》本书以史蒂芬·威廉·霍金预测宇宙今后十亿年前景开头，以唐·库比特最后的审判的领悟为结尾，介绍了预言的发展历程，及我们今天预测未来的方法。该书文字通俗易懂，作者在阐述自己观点的同时，还穿插解答了一些有趣的问题，读来饶有趣味。
《果壳中的宇宙》该书是霍金教授继《时间简史》后最重要的著作。霍金教授在这本书中，再次把我们带到理论物理的最前沿，在霍金教授的世界里，真理甚至比幻想更令人眼花缭乱，缤纷多彩。霍金教授用通俗的语言解释制约我们宇宙的原理，并加之以他独特的热情，邀请我们一起进行宇宙之旅，做非凡的时空遨游。
《时间简史》（1988年撰写）霍金畅销书-《时间简史》这本书是霍金的代表作。作者想象丰富，构思奇妙，语言优美，字字珠玑，更让人咋惊，世界之外，未来之变，是这样的神奇和美妙。这本书至今累计发行量已达2500万册，被译成近40种语言。
在这本书中，霍金将试图勾勒出我们心目中的宇宙历史——从大爆炸到黑洞。在第一讲里，他将简要地回顾过去关于宇宙的构想，并说明我们是如何得到目前的图像的。这或许可以称之为宇宙史的历史。
第二讲将解释牛顿和爱因斯坦的两种引力理论为什么会都得出这样的结论——宇宙不可能是静态的，它不得不或是膨胀，或是收缩。而这又意味着，在前200亿年到前100亿年之间，必定有某一时刻，那时宇宙的密度为无穷大，这就产生了所谓的大爆炸。它可能就是宇宙的开端。
第三讲将谈谈黑洞。黑洞是当某个巨大的星球，或者更大的天体，受其自身引力吸引而自行塌缩（塌陷并紧缩）时形成的。根据爱因斯坦的广义相对论，任何蠢得掉进黑洞的傻瓜都会永远消失，他们将无法再逃出黑洞。而有关他们的历史，则将到达一个奇点，一个痛苦的终点。不过，广义相对论是经典理论——也就是说，它没有考虑量子力学的不确定原理。
第四讲将讲述量子力学如何允许能量从黑洞泄漏出来。黑洞并不像人们所描绘的那样黑。
第五讲将把量子力学思想应用于大爆炸和宇宙的起源。这就得出了这样的设想：时空可能在范围上有限，但没有边缘。这或许类似于地球表面，但它多了两维。
第六讲将说明这个新的边界条件如何能解释这个问题：尽管物理学定律是时间对称的，但过去与未来为什么如此大不相同？
最后，第七讲将讲述我们正如何试图找寻一种统一的理论，它能把量子力学、引力以及物理学中其他所有相互作用都包容在内。如果我们做到了这一点，我们就真正理解了宇宙以及我们在其中的位置。
该书不是一部寻常的口述历史，而是对二十世纪人类最伟大的头脑之一的极为感人又迷人的画像和描述。对于非专业读者，本书无疑是他们享受人类文明成果的机会和滋生宝贵灵感的源泉。《霍金讲演录——黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》，是由霍金1976-1992年间所写文章和演讲稿共13篇结集而成。讨论了虚时间、有黑洞引起的婴儿宇宙的诞生以及科学家寻求完全统一理论的努力，并对自由意志、生活价值和死亡作出了独到的见解。在三年工作量并不巨大的学习之后，他获得了一等自然科学荣誉学位，之后进入剑桥大学研究宇宙学，当时牛津大学还没有宇宙学这个专业。尽管他希望能够跟当时在剑桥的弗雷德·霍伊尔(Fred Hoyle)身边做研究，但是他的导师却是丹尼斯·西艾玛(Dens Scama)。在获得博士学位之后，他成为一名研究员，后来成为冈维尔和凯厄斯学院(Gonvlle and Caius College)的教授。
1992年耗资350万英镑的同名电影问世。霍金坚信关于宇宙的起源和生命的基本理念可以不用数学来表达，世人应当可以通过电影——这一视听媒介来了解他那深奥莫测的学说。本书是关于探索时间本质和宇宙最前沿的通俗读物，是一本当代有关宇宙科学思想最重要的经典著做，它改变了人类对宇宙的观念。《时间简史续编》 作为宇宙学无可争议的权威，霍金的研究成就和生平一直吸引着广大的读者，《时间简史续篇》是为想更多了解霍金教授生命及其学说的读者而编的。该书以坦白真挚的私人访谈形式，叙述了霍金教授的生平历程和研究工作，展现了在巨大的理论架构后面真实的“人”。
《乔治开启宇宙的秘密钥匙》中文版发行于2008年年初，这本书由史蒂芬·霍金、其女儿露西·霍金、其学生克里斯托弗·加尔法德所著，是史蒂芬·霍金的“儿童科普三部曲”之一，这本书当中论黑洞以及很多部分都简述了霍金的新想法，这本书在国内外好评如潮。
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme
生平简介:
史蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking），1942年1月8日在英国伦敦出生，曾先后毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学三一学院，并获剑桥大学哲学博士学位。他在轮椅上坐了40年，现在全身只有面部肌肉会动，演讲和问答只能通过语音合成器来完成。英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家，是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家，还被称为“宇宙之王”。1942年1月8日生于英国牛津的霍金刚好出生于伽利略逝世300周年纪念日之时。70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。
他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务，那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位，是英国皇家学会会员。
他因患“渐冻症”（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 卢伽雷氏症），禁锢在一把轮椅上达40年之久，他却身残志不残，使之化为优势，克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超新星。他不能写，甚至口齿不清，但他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到广袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。
霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。
他被誉为“在世的最伟大的科学家””另一个爱因斯坦”"不折不扣的生活强者”。
编辑本段相关作品:
《时间简史续编》 作为宇宙学无可争议的权威，霍金的研究成就和生平一直吸引着广大的读者，《时间简史续篇》是为想更多了解霍金教授生命及其学说的读者而编的。该书以坦白真挚的私人访谈形式，叙述了霍金教授的生平历程和研究工作，展现了在巨大的理论架构后面真实的“人”。该书不是一部寻常的口述历史，而是对二十世纪人类最伟大的头脑之一的极为感人又迷人的画像和描述。对于非专业读者，本书无疑是他们享受人类文明成果的机会和滋生宝贵灵感的源泉。
《霍金讲演录——黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》，是由霍金1976-1992年间所写文章和演讲稿共13篇结集而成。讨论了虚时间、有黑洞引起的婴儿宇宙的诞生以及科学家寻求完全统一理论的努力，并对自由意志、生活价值和死亡作出了独到的见解
《时空本性》80年前广义相对论就以完整的数学形式表达出来，量子理论的基本原理在70年前也已出现，然而这两种整个物理学中最精确、最成功的理论能被统一在单独的量子引力中吗？世界上最著名的两位物理学家就此问题展开一场辩论。本书是基于霍金和彭罗斯在剑桥大学的6次演讲和最后辩论而成。
《未来的魅力》本书以史蒂芬·威廉·霍金预测宇宙今后十亿年前景开头，以唐·库比特最后的审判的领悟为结尾，介绍了预言的发展历程，及我们今天预测未来的方法。该书文字通俗易懂，作者在阐述自己观点的同时，还穿插解答了一些有趣的问题，读来饶有趣味。
《果壳中的宇宙》该书是霍金教授继《时间简史》后最重要的著作。霍金教授在这本书中，再次把我们带到理论物理的最前沿，在霍金教授的世界里，真理甚至比幻想更令人眼花缭乱，缤纷多彩。霍金教授用通俗的语言解释制约我们宇宙的原理，并加之以他独特的热情，邀请我们一起进行宇宙之旅，做非凡的时空遨游。
《时间简史》（1988年撰写）霍金畅销书-《时间简史》这本书是霍金的代表作。作者想象丰富，构思奇妙，语言优美，字字珠玑，更让人咋惊，世界之外，未来之变，是这样的神奇和美妙。这本书至今累计发行量已达2500万册，被译成近40种语言。
在这本书中，霍金将试图勾勒出我们心目中的宇宙历史——从大爆炸到黑洞。在第一讲里，他将简要地回顾过去关于宇宙的构想，并说明我们是如何得到目前的图像的。这或许可以称之为宇宙史的历史。
第二讲将解释牛顿和爱因斯坦的两种引力理论为什么会都得出这样的结论——宇宙不可能是静态的，它不得不或是膨胀，或是收缩。而这又意味着，在前200亿年到前100亿年之间，必定有某一时刻，那时宇宙的密度为无穷大，这就产生了所谓的大爆炸。它可能就是宇宙的开端。
第三讲将谈谈黑洞。黑洞是当某个巨大的星球，或者更大的天体，受其自身引力吸引而自行塌缩（塌陷并紧缩）时形成的。根据爱因斯坦的广义相对论，任何蠢得掉进黑洞的傻瓜都会永远消失，他们将无法再逃出黑洞。而有关他们的历史，则将到达一个奇点，一个痛苦的终点。不过，广义相对论是经典理论——也就是说，它没有考虑量子力学的不确定原理。
第四讲将讲述量子力学如何允许能量从黑洞泄漏出来。黑洞并不像人们所描绘的那样黑。
第五讲将把量子力学思想应用于大爆炸和宇宙的起源。这就得出了这样的设想：时空可能在范围上有限，但没有边缘。这或许类似于地球表面，但它多了两维。
第六讲将说明这个新的边界条件如何能解释这个问题：尽管物理学定律是时间对称的，但过去与未来为什么如此大不相同？
最后，第七讲将讲述我们正如何试图找寻一种统一的理论，它能把量子力学、引力以及物理学中其他所有相互作用都包容在内。如果我们做到了这一点，我们就真正理解了宇宙以及我们在其中的位置。
该书不是一部寻常的口述历史，而是对二十世纪人类最伟大的头脑之一的极为感人又迷人的画像和描述。对于非专业读者，本书无疑是他们享受人类文明成果的机会和滋生宝贵灵感的源泉。《霍金讲演录——黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》，是由霍金1976-1992年间所写文章和演讲稿共13篇结集而成。讨论了虚时间、有黑洞引起的婴儿宇宙的诞生以及科学家寻求完全统一理论的努力，并对自由意志、生活价值和死亡作出了独到的见解。在三年工作量并不巨大的学习之后，他获得了一等自然科学荣誉学位，之后进入剑桥大学研究宇宙学，当时牛津大学还没有宇宙学这个专业。尽管他希望能够跟当时在剑桥的弗雷德·霍伊尔(Fred Hoyle)身边做研究，但是他的导师却是丹尼斯·西艾玛(Dens Scama)。在获得博士学位之后，他成为一名研究员，后来成为冈维尔和凯厄斯学院(Gonvlle and Caius College)的教授。
1992年耗资350万英镑的同名电影问世。霍金坚信关于宇宙的起源和生命的基本理念可以不用数学来表达，世人应当可以通过电影——这一视听媒介来了解他那深奥莫测的学说。本书是关于探索时间本质和宇宙最前沿的通俗读物，是一本当代有关宇宙科学思想最重要的经典著做，它改变了人类对宇宙的观念。《时间简史续编》 作为宇宙学无可争议的权威，霍金的研究成就和生平一直吸引着广大的读者，《时间简史续篇》是为想更多了解霍金教授生命及其学说的读者而编的。该书以坦白真挚的私人访谈形式，叙述了霍金教授的生平历程和研究工作，展现了在巨大的理论架构后面真实的“人”。
《乔治开启宇宙的秘密钥匙》中文版发行于2008年年初，这本书由史蒂芬·霍金、其女儿露西·霍金、其学生克里斯托弗·加尔法德所著，是史蒂芬·霍金的“儿童科普三部曲”之一，这本书当中论黑洞以及很多部分都简述了霍金的新想法，这本书在国内外好评如潮。
参考资料： 百度百科
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史蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking），1942年1月8日在英国伦敦出生，曾先后毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学三一学院，并获剑桥大学哲学博士学位。他在轮椅上坐了40年，现在全身只有面部肌肉会动，演讲和问答只能通过语音合成器来完成。英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家，是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家，还被称为“宇宙之王”。1942年1月8日生于英国牛津的霍金刚好出生于伽利略逝世300周年纪念日之时。70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。
他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务，那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位，是英国皇家学会会员。
他因患“渐冻症”（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 卢伽雷氏症），禁锢在一把轮椅上达40年之久，他却身残志不残，使之化为优势，克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超新星。他不能写，甚至口齿不清，但他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到广袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。
霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。
他被誉为“在世的最伟大的科学家””另一个爱因斯坦”"不折不扣的生活强者”。
Stephen William Hawking (Stephen William Hawking), 1942 years 1 on 8 in London, England-born, has graduated from Oxford University and Trinity College, Cambridge University and was a doctorate of philosophy at the University of Cambridge. He sat in a wheelchair for 40 years and now only full-body facial muscles move, lectures and question-and-answer only through voice synthesizer to complete. University of Cambridge applied mathematics and theoretical physics professor, the most important general relativity and cosmology, is this century's international reputation of one of the great man, known as the world's greatest scientists, also known as "the universe King. " January 8, 1942 was born in Oxford, Britain's exactly Hawking was born in 300 anniversary of the death of Galileo at the time. Penrose and 70s, he proved a famous theorem of singularity, for which they jointly won the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics. He therefore called Einstein, following after the world's best-known scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist.
He also proved that the size of the black hole theorem. Hawking's life is full of legendary, achievements in science, history, he is one of the most distinguished scientists. He held a number of positions at the University of Cambridge is a professor of the history of the most noble duties, it was Newton and served as Dirac's son Luca, a professor of mathematics. He holds several honorary degrees, is a member of the Royal Society.
Due to his "cold gradually disease" (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Lu Jia Reye syndrome), and false imprisonment in a wheelchair as long as 40 years, he was not physically disabled chi, to make it into the advantages and overcome The suffering and disability of the international physics community supernova. He could not write, and even inarticulate, but he goes beyond the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, such as the Big Bang theory and the creation of the universe into the "Dance of Geometry." So even though he will not help to a wheelchair, he was thinking of the excellent manner in which to travel the vast space-time, solved the mystery of the universe.
Hawking's charm lies not only in that he is a legendary physical talent, but also because he is a strong admiration of life. He and groping the scientific spirit of the brave and indomitable strength of character deeply attracted to know each him.
He praised as "the world's greatest scientists," "another Einstein," "out-and-out life of the strong."
他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务，那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位，是英国皇家学会会员。
他因患“渐冻症”（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 卢伽雷氏症），禁锢在一把轮椅上达40年之久，他却身残志不残，使之化为优势，克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超新星。他不能写，甚至口齿不清，但他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到广袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。
霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。
他被誉为“在世的最伟大的科学家””另一个爱因斯坦”"不折不扣的生活强者”。
Stephen William Hawking (Stephen William Hawking), 1942 years 1 on 8 in London, England-born, has graduated from Oxford University and Trinity College, Cambridge University and was a doctorate of philosophy at the University of Cambridge. He sat in a wheelchair for 40 years and now only full-body facial muscles move, lectures and question-and-answer only through voice synthesizer to complete. University of Cambridge applied mathematics and theoretical physics professor, the most important general relativity and cosmology, is this century's international reputation of one of the great man, known as the world's greatest scientists, also known as "the universe King. " January 8, 1942 was born in Oxford, Britain's exactly Hawking was born in 300 anniversary of the death of Galileo at the time. Penrose and 70s, he proved a famous theorem of singularity, for which they jointly won the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics. He therefore called Einstein, following after the world's best-known scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist.
He also proved that the size of the black hole theorem. Hawking's life is full of legendary, achievements in science, history, he is one of the most distinguished scientists. He held a number of positions at the University of Cambridge is a professor of the history of the most noble duties, it was Newton and served as Dirac's son Luca, a professor of mathematics. He holds several honorary degrees, is a member of the Royal Society.
Due to his "cold gradually disease" (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Lu Jia Reye syndrome), and false imprisonment in a wheelchair as long as 40 years, he was not physically disabled chi, to make it into the advantages and overcome The suffering and disability of the international physics community supernova. He could not write, and even inarticulate, but he goes beyond the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, such as the Big Bang theory and the creation of the universe into the "Dance of Geometry." So even though he will not help to a wheelchair, he was thinking of the excellent manner in which to travel the vast space-time, solved the mystery of the universe.
Hawking's charm lies not only in that he is a legendary physical talent, but also because he is a strong admiration of life. He and groping the scientific spirit of the brave and indomitable strength of character deeply attracted to know each him.
He praised as "the world's greatest scientists," "another Einstein," "out-and-out life of the strong."
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Stephen Huo Jin was born in 1942 , got the physics doctorate , did research work in British Cambridge University. Have already while getting 21 years old ago perceived, He unavoidably fell down once getting about. Though she suffers from the serious encephalopathic day by day, he decide that continues being engaged in the research and writing. Speaking , read and writing that oneself can even if will have fingers of a hand that can move about in the future that he must find the method to make. That " time biref history " of his became the best seller in 1988.
斯蒂芬·霍金1942年出生，获得过物理学博士学位，在英国剑桥大学作过研究工作。到21岁的时候就已经察觉到，他一走动就难免摔倒。虽然她患有日趋严重的脑病，但是他决定继续从事研究和写作。他必须找到办法使自己即使今后有一只手的手指能够活动也能讲话、阅读和写作。他的那本《时间简史》在1988年成了畅销书。
更长的：
Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science. He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive computer that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable. In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein's formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists.
In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery. It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe.
In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer.
"My goal is simple. It is complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all." Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first
class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and
later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of
Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking is perhaps best known for his discovery, in 1974, that black holes emit radiation, and for his no boundary proposal made in 1983 with Jim Hartle of Santa Barbara.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.
斯蒂芬·霍金1942年出生，获得过物理学博士学位，在英国剑桥大学作过研究工作。到21岁的时候就已经察觉到，他一走动就难免摔倒。虽然她患有日趋严重的脑病，但是他决定继续从事研究和写作。他必须找到办法使自己即使今后有一只手的手指能够活动也能讲话、阅读和写作。他的那本《时间简史》在1988年成了畅销书。
更长的：
Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science. He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive computer that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable. In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein's formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists.
In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery. It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe.
In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer.
"My goal is simple. It is complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all." Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first
class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and
later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of
Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking is perhaps best known for his discovery, in 1974, that black holes emit radiation, and for his no boundary proposal made in 1983 with Jim Hartle of Santa Barbara.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.
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斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金
斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，1942年1月8日出生，曾先后毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学三一学院，并获剑桥大学哲学博士学位。在大学学习后期，开始患“肌肉萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症”（运动神经元疾病），半身不遂。他克服身患残疾的种种困难，于1965年进入剑桥大学冈维尔和凯厄斯学院任研究员。这个时期，他在研究宇宙起源问题上，创立了宇宙之始是“无限密度的一点”的著名理论。1969年起任冈维尔和凯厄斯学院科学杰出成就研究员。1972－1975年先后在剑桥大学天文研究所、应用数学和理论物理学部进行研究工作，1975－1977年任重力物理学高级讲师，1977－1979年任教授，1979年起任卢卡斯讲座数学教授。其间，1974年当选为皇家学会最年轻的会员。1974－1975年为美国加利福尼亚理工学院费尔柴尔德讲座功勋学者。1978年获世界理论物理研究的最高奖爱因斯坦奖。霍金的成名始于对黑洞的研究成果。在爱因斯坦之后融合了20世纪另一个伟大理论——量子理论，他认为，宇宙是有限的，但无法找到边际，这如同地球表面有限但无法找到边际一样；时间也是有开始的，大约始于150亿到200亿年前。1988年获沃尔夫物理学奖。
1985年霍金丧失语言能力，表达思想唯一的工具是一台电脑声音合成器。他用仅能活动的几个手指操纵一个特制的鼠标器在电脑屏幕上选择字母、单词来造句，然后通过电脑播放声音，通常制造一个句子要5、6分钟，为了合成一个小时的录音演讲要准备10天。1988年写成科普著作《时间简史》，至1995年10月该书发行量已超过2500万册，译成几十种语言，中译本也已出版。
著有《空间－时间的大比例结构》（1973年与人合著）、《广义相对论：爱因斯坦百年评论》（1979年与人合编）、《超空间和超重力》（1981年与人合编）、《宇宙之始》（1983年与人合编）、《时间简史》（1988年）。
1990年与结婚25年之久的妻子简·怀尔德离婚。1995年9月16日，与他的护士伊莱恩·梅森结婚。
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.
斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，1942年1月8日出生，曾先后毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学三一学院，并获剑桥大学哲学博士学位。在大学学习后期，开始患“肌肉萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症”（运动神经元疾病），半身不遂。他克服身患残疾的种种困难，于1965年进入剑桥大学冈维尔和凯厄斯学院任研究员。这个时期，他在研究宇宙起源问题上，创立了宇宙之始是“无限密度的一点”的著名理论。1969年起任冈维尔和凯厄斯学院科学杰出成就研究员。1972－1975年先后在剑桥大学天文研究所、应用数学和理论物理学部进行研究工作，1975－1977年任重力物理学高级讲师，1977－1979年任教授，1979年起任卢卡斯讲座数学教授。其间，1974年当选为皇家学会最年轻的会员。1974－1975年为美国加利福尼亚理工学院费尔柴尔德讲座功勋学者。1978年获世界理论物理研究的最高奖爱因斯坦奖。霍金的成名始于对黑洞的研究成果。在爱因斯坦之后融合了20世纪另一个伟大理论——量子理论，他认为，宇宙是有限的，但无法找到边际，这如同地球表面有限但无法找到边际一样；时间也是有开始的，大约始于150亿到200亿年前。1988年获沃尔夫物理学奖。
1985年霍金丧失语言能力，表达思想唯一的工具是一台电脑声音合成器。他用仅能活动的几个手指操纵一个特制的鼠标器在电脑屏幕上选择字母、单词来造句，然后通过电脑播放声音，通常制造一个句子要5、6分钟，为了合成一个小时的录音演讲要准备10天。1988年写成科普著作《时间简史》，至1995年10月该书发行量已超过2500万册，译成几十种语言，中译本也已出版。
著有《空间－时间的大比例结构》（1973年与人合著）、《广义相对论：爱因斯坦百年评论》（1979年与人合编）、《超空间和超重力》（1981年与人合编）、《宇宙之始》（1983年与人合编）、《时间简史》（1988年）。
1990年与结婚25年之久的妻子简·怀尔德离婚。1995年9月16日，与他的护士伊莱恩·梅森结婚。
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.
参考资料： http://wenda.tianya.cn/wenda/thread?tid=5c356b012a2f9310&hl=zh-CN%3Ftid%3Flid%3Ftid
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斯蒂芬·威廉姆·霍金（Stephen William Hawking）剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家，是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家。生于1942年1月8日的霍金刚好出生于伽利略逝世300周年纪念日之时。70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。
他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务，那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位，是英国皇家学会会员。
他因患“渐冻症”（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症），禁锢在一张轮椅上达40年之久，他却身残志不残，使之化为优势，克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超新星。他不能写，甚至口齿不清，但他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到广袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。
霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。
斯蒂芬•威廉姆•霍金于1942年1月8日（伽利略逝世300年忌日）生于英格兰牛津。他父母原住在伦敦北部，但在第二次世界大战期间，牛津被认为是一个生 育孩子较安全的地方。他八岁时，他家搬到圣•爱尔本斯，伦敦北面20英里的一 个小镇。十一岁时，史蒂芬到圣•爱尔本斯学校上学，然后上牛津的"大学学院 "（University College)--他父亲上过的学院。虽然他父亲想让他学医，但他却想学数学。而大学学院没开数学专业，所以他选择了学物理。在大学学院学了 三年，没花多大工夫，他被授予自然科学甲等荣誉学位。 然后史蒂芬到康桥做宇宙学研究，那个时候在牛津还没有一个人从事宇宙学研 究。他的导师是丹尼斯•西马，虽然他本希望弗雷德•霍依尔做他的导师的， 费雷德•霍依尔当时正在康桥工作。获得博士学位后，他在刚维尔•塞斯学院先是做助研，后来便做职业研究工作。1973年斯蒂芬离开天文学院来到应用数学和理 论物理系。自1979年，斯蒂芬做"路克斯"数学教授。这个职位是1663年根据莱 佛仁德•亨利•路克斯的遗嘱以路克斯留下的钱作?基金创建的。路克斯曾经是 该大学的英国议员。第一个获得"路克斯"数学教授职位的是依扎克•巴洛， 然后是依扎克•牛顿。 斯蒂芬•霍金一直从事宇宙的基本定律的研究工作。与罗杰•彭罗斯一起，他发现爱因斯坦的广义相对论暗示了空间和时间是从大爆炸奇点处开始而至黑洞结 束。这些结果显示把广义相对论与量子理论结合起来是必要的，这是二十世纪前半世纪的另一个科学发展。他发现的这样一个结合的一个后果是黑洞不应该是完全黑的，黑洞向外辐射，最终蒸发，消失。另一个推测是宇宙在想象的时间里没 有边缘，它是无限的。这将意味着宇宙形成的方式完全是由科学定律决定的。 他发表的著作包括：与G.F.R.艾利斯合着的《时空的大规模结构》，与W.以色 列合着的《广义相对论：爱因斯坦世纪眺望》和与W.以色列合着的《重力300年》 。史蒂芬•霍金有两部畅销书：他的最畅销书--《时间简史》，和后来的《黑 洞、婴儿宇宙及其它》。 霍金教授有十二个荣誉学位。1982年他被授予CBE，1989年获荣誉伙伴称号。 他获得过许多奖励，奖金，奖牌。他是英国皇家学会会员和美国国家科学学会会员。 斯蒂芬•霍金继续把他的家庭生活（他有三个子女和一个孙子女），他的理论物理研究与广泛的旅行和演讲结合起来。
About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.
他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务，那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位，是英国皇家学会会员。
他因患“渐冻症”（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症），禁锢在一张轮椅上达40年之久，他却身残志不残，使之化为优势，克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超新星。他不能写，甚至口齿不清，但他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到广袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。
霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。
斯蒂芬•威廉姆•霍金于1942年1月8日（伽利略逝世300年忌日）生于英格兰牛津。他父母原住在伦敦北部，但在第二次世界大战期间，牛津被认为是一个生 育孩子较安全的地方。他八岁时，他家搬到圣•爱尔本斯，伦敦北面20英里的一 个小镇。十一岁时，史蒂芬到圣•爱尔本斯学校上学，然后上牛津的"大学学院 "（University College)--他父亲上过的学院。虽然他父亲想让他学医，但他却想学数学。而大学学院没开数学专业，所以他选择了学物理。在大学学院学了 三年，没花多大工夫，他被授予自然科学甲等荣誉学位。 然后史蒂芬到康桥做宇宙学研究，那个时候在牛津还没有一个人从事宇宙学研 究。他的导师是丹尼斯•西马，虽然他本希望弗雷德•霍依尔做他的导师的， 费雷德•霍依尔当时正在康桥工作。获得博士学位后，他在刚维尔•塞斯学院先是做助研，后来便做职业研究工作。1973年斯蒂芬离开天文学院来到应用数学和理 论物理系。自1979年，斯蒂芬做"路克斯"数学教授。这个职位是1663年根据莱 佛仁德•亨利•路克斯的遗嘱以路克斯留下的钱作?基金创建的。路克斯曾经是 该大学的英国议员。第一个获得"路克斯"数学教授职位的是依扎克•巴洛， 然后是依扎克•牛顿。 斯蒂芬•霍金一直从事宇宙的基本定律的研究工作。与罗杰•彭罗斯一起，他发现爱因斯坦的广义相对论暗示了空间和时间是从大爆炸奇点处开始而至黑洞结 束。这些结果显示把广义相对论与量子理论结合起来是必要的，这是二十世纪前半世纪的另一个科学发展。他发现的这样一个结合的一个后果是黑洞不应该是完全黑的，黑洞向外辐射，最终蒸发，消失。另一个推测是宇宙在想象的时间里没 有边缘，它是无限的。这将意味着宇宙形成的方式完全是由科学定律决定的。 他发表的著作包括：与G.F.R.艾利斯合着的《时空的大规模结构》，与W.以色 列合着的《广义相对论：爱因斯坦世纪眺望》和与W.以色列合着的《重力300年》 。史蒂芬•霍金有两部畅销书：他的最畅销书--《时间简史》，和后来的《黑 洞、婴儿宇宙及其它》。 霍金教授有十二个荣誉学位。1982年他被授予CBE，1989年获荣誉伙伴称号。 他获得过许多奖励，奖金，奖牌。他是英国皇家学会会员和美国国家科学学会会员。 斯蒂芬•霍金继续把他的家庭生活（他有三个子女和一个孙子女），他的理论物理研究与广泛的旅行和演讲结合起来。
About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.
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