Question

英语水平太次，论文摘要翻译搞不定，求各位大侠帮忙！

本试验以稻草、食用菌残料、木屑为材料，与稻田土通过不同体积比混合作为机插育秧基质，研究了不同基质、堆沤与不堆沤、培施氮肥量对双季稻机插秧苗生长、栽后返青及产量的影响。试验结果如下：

（1）采用稻草、菌基料、木屑与土配制的育秧基质，质地轻、孔隙度大，利于秧苗根系生长发育，秧苗单株根数多于稻田土基质。

（2）稻草基质经沤制，基质与肥融合更好，基质松软、利于秧苗生长。出苗率提高4.79%-8.55%，秧苗苗高、根数、干重等优于不堆沤处理，秧苗素质好。

（3）在每100升育秧基质培施300g复合肥，且不堆沤的前提下。①添加了三种物料的育秧基质，早稻秧苗茎基宽、单株干重、根冠比、叶龄等都弱于稻田土，苗高变矮，秧苗素质降低。移栽本田后，返青时间长，分蘖启动慢，产量降低。②稻草和菌基料各配比基质，随着物料所占比例的增多秧苗素质变差，以配比1:1较好，而木屑基质以3:1和全木屑较好。产量都以3:1配比最大，木屑基质综合表现最优。③晚稻因在大田中育秧，各基质秧苗素质优于对照处理，田间发根力强，栽后分蘖迅速，爆发力强，成穗率高。产量除稻草3:1、1:3外，都低于稻田土。

（4）在每100升育秧基质培施600g复合肥，且堆沤充分的前提下。稻草基质和木屑基质出苗率高于稻田土，秧苗苗高、茎基宽、单株根数、淀粉含量都优于对照，秧苗素质占优；而菌基料基质秧苗素质与稻田土相当。

（5）随着培施氮量的增加早稻秧苗叶龄增大，N5与N1间差异显著，二叶鞘长逐渐增长，但随着培肥量的逐渐的增加增长效果不明显。秧苗的成苗率、苗高、茎基宽、叶片SPDA值、单株茎叶、根干重、田间发根力等有先增后减的趋势。可溶性糖以低肥处理秧苗含量较多，过多的氮肥，不利于可溶性糖的积累。秧苗素质以N3综合表现最优，N2和N4秧苗素质也较好

（6）用尿素培肥，会产生氨气，拌肥时间短，培肥量增多易造成烧芽，不利稻谷出苗，出苗率下降，漏蔸增多，机插质量下降。故生产上应尽早培肥，且不宜用尿素培肥。

（7）移栽本田后，培施氮肥量多的处理，前期分蘖启动快，较早的拥有了更多茎蘖数，保证了充足的穗数，有效穗增多，产量早稻以N3最高，晚稻以N4最高。

综上所述：采用稻草、木屑、菌基料部分或全部代替稻田土作为育秧基质，在适宜的培肥量和充分堆沤的情况下，能为水稻秧苗提供优于稻田土基质的生长条件，可以培育出较为健壮的机插秧苗，体积配比以3:1为宜。稻草与稻田土以体积比3:1混合作为机插育秧基质，每100升基质中培施氮肥量以90～100g为宜。

关键词：机插秧、育秧基质 、施氮量、秧苗素质、产量

Answer 1

This test with straw, edible fungi residue material, wood chips for material, mixed with the paddy soil in different volume as a machine base matrix, studied the different substrates, heap retting and heap retting, nitrogen content of cropping machine plug seedlings growth, plant root and the impact of production. The results are as follows: (1) the use of straw, bacteria makings, sawdust and soil preparation of rice seedlings matrix, light texture, large porosity, seedling root growth and development, seedling root number per more than paddy soil matrix. (2) straw substrate via retting, better substrate and fertilizer fusion, soft matrix, conducive to the seedlings to grow. High germination rate increased by 4.79% to 4.79%, the seedlings seedlings, root number and dry weight is better than not heap retting processing, the quality is good. (3) in each of the 100 litres of seedlings matrix from 300 g compound fertilizer, and under the premise of not heap retting. 1) added three kinds of material base matrix, early rice seedling stem base width and dry weight per plant, root-shoot ratio, leaf age, and so on are weak in the paddy soil, become short seedling height, seedling quality decrease. After transplanting Honda, green time is long, tillering, slow start production is reduced. (2) straw and bacteria each matching matrix, along with the increase in material proportion of the seedling quality becomes poor, better with the ratio of 1:1, 3-1 and full of sawdust and wood chips matrix is better. Yield with the ratio of 3:1, the largest wood substrate integrated optimal performance. (3) late rice in the field seedlings, the quality of seedlings is superior to the control process, the field rooting ability is strong, tillering quickly after planted, strong power, high earing rate. Production in addition to the straw 3:1, 1:3, were lower than that of paddy soil. (4) in each of the 100 litres of seedlings matrix from 600 g compound fertilizer, and heap retting under the premise of fully. Straw substrate is higher than that of paddy soil, germination rate and sawdust matrix seedling seedling height, stem width, root number per, starch content were superior to control, the quality advantage. And bacteria makings quality of seedlings and paddy soil. (5) with the increase of culture n application early rice seedling leaf age increase, significant difference between N5 and N1, two long leaf sheath increase gradually, but with the increase of gradually growing fertilizer consumption growth effect is not obvious. Seedling rate, seedling height, stem width and leaf SPDA value, the plant leaf, dry weight of root, the rooting ability in the field has a tendency to increase after decreases first. Soluble sugar content of the seedlings are processed with low fat more, too much nitrogen fertilizer, is not conducive to the accumulation of soluble sugar. Seedling quality with N3 comprehensive performance of the optimal, N2 N4 interchange and the quality is better also (6) with urea fertilizer, produce ammonia, dressing time is short, increased fertilizer consumption culture is easy to cause to burn bud, adverse emergence of rice, emergence rate drop, leakage hills, lower quality of machine. Therefore, the production should be fertilizer as soon as possible, and should not be using urea fertilizer. (7) after transplanting Honda and improving the processing of nitrogen content, early tillering start fast, earlier had more stem tillers number, to ensure the adequate panicles, effective spike increasing, the highest yield of early rice in N3, late rice with highest N4 interchange. To sum up: the basic material part or all of straw, wood chips, bacteria instead of paddy soil as base matrix, the appropriate fertilizer consumption and full of retting, can offer better than that of paddy soil matrix for rice seedling growing conditions, can develop a more robust machine plug seedlings, volume ratio of 3:1 as appropriate. Straw mixed with the paddy soil to volume ratio 3:1 plug seedlings matrix as a machine, every 100 litres of substrate culture of nitrogen amount to 90 ~ 100 g is advisable. Key words: machine planting, raising seedling substrate, n application rate, seedling quality, production

Answer 2

好的，
就是，给你发，去
来的，吧。

追问

大虾，这是