请解决一下英语语法问题
请讲解下列语法项,要详细,并附上几十道带答案的例题,谢谢1非谓语动词2虚拟语气3复合句(定从名从状从)4倒装若满意以后会选择指定提问...
请讲解下列语法项,要详细,并附上几十道带答案的例题,谢谢
1 非谓语动词 2 虚拟语气 3 复合句(定从 名从 状从) 4 倒装
若满意 以后会选择指定提问 展开
1 非谓语动词 2 虚拟语气 3 复合句(定从 名从 状从) 4 倒装
若满意 以后会选择指定提问 展开
5个回答
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一、概念
[Subjunctive Mood]
中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
二、语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]
备注：
（1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．（should）．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．
2）It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范围及判断
1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非 真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：
1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
四、注意事项
1.if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
2、在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
3、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。
[Subjunctive Mood]
中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
二、语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]
备注：
（1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．（should）．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．
2）It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范围及判断
1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非 真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：
1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
四、注意事项
1.if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
2、在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
3、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。
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复合句：http://baike.baidu.com/view/137894.html?wtp=tt
复合句练习题：
1 He was punished ___ he should make the same mistake again.
A unless B provided C if D lest
2 There was such a long line at the exhibition ___ we had to wait for about half an hour.
A so B as C that D hence
3 Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ___ it means standing in a queue all night.
A as if B even if C provided D whatever
4 These two areas are similar ___ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A except that B in that C besides that D to that
5 ___ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new.
A That B Those C What D Whether
6 They are teachers and don’t realize ___ to start and run a company.
A what it takes B what takes it
C what they take D what takes them
7 We agree to accept ___ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever
8 ___ that your daughter is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.
A Since B When C Now D After
9 She doesn’t let him leave the train ___ he get lost.
A if B because C as D in case
10 It is easier to do it by yourself ___ to explain it to him.
A than B if C when D that
11 ___ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City.
A Although B Since C As D When
12 Someone must have left the tap on, ___ the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
A therefore B for C nevertheless D moreover
`13 The room was so noisy that it was several hours ___ I got to sleep again.
A since B after C before D that
14 Farmers rotate their crops ___ the soil will remain fertile.
A because of B in order to C rather than D so that
15 We can surely overcome these difficulties ___ we are closely united.
A so that B just as C in order that D so long as
答案：1-5 DCBBA；6-10 ADCDD; 11-15 ABCDD
复合句练习题：
1 He was punished ___ he should make the same mistake again.
A unless B provided C if D lest
2 There was such a long line at the exhibition ___ we had to wait for about half an hour.
A so B as C that D hence
3 Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ___ it means standing in a queue all night.
A as if B even if C provided D whatever
4 These two areas are similar ___ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A except that B in that C besides that D to that
5 ___ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new.
A That B Those C What D Whether
6 They are teachers and don’t realize ___ to start and run a company.
A what it takes B what takes it
C what they take D what takes them
7 We agree to accept ___ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever
8 ___ that your daughter is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.
A Since B When C Now D After
9 She doesn’t let him leave the train ___ he get lost.
A if B because C as D in case
10 It is easier to do it by yourself ___ to explain it to him.
A than B if C when D that
11 ___ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City.
A Although B Since C As D When
12 Someone must have left the tap on, ___ the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
A therefore B for C nevertheless D moreover
`13 The room was so noisy that it was several hours ___ I got to sleep again.
A since B after C before D that
14 Farmers rotate their crops ___ the soil will remain fertile.
A because of B in order to C rather than D so that
15 We can surely overcome these difficulties ___ we are closely united.
A so that B just as C in order that D so long as
答案：1-5 DCBBA；6-10 ADCDD; 11-15 ABCDD
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非谓语动词：http://baike.baidu.com/view/79702.htm
练习：1. I’ve heard him _ about you often.
A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. speaking
2. I went to see him, __ him out.
A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding
3. He didn’t know __ or stay.
A. to leave B. if that he should leave C. if to leave D. whether to leave
4. ---Will the Smiths go abroad this summer? ---No, they finally decided___ .
A. to B. not going C. not to D. not to be going
5. ---I usually go there by train. ---Why not _ by boat for a change.
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. He pretended _ nothing about it.
A. know B. to know C. knowing D. knew
7. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
8. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to going C. for risk to go D. risk going
9. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind __ to buy.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
10. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
1---5 ACDCD 6---10 BAABC
练习：1. I’ve heard him _ about you often.
A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. speaking
2. I went to see him, __ him out.
A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding
3. He didn’t know __ or stay.
A. to leave B. if that he should leave C. if to leave D. whether to leave
4. ---Will the Smiths go abroad this summer? ---No, they finally decided___ .
A. to B. not going C. not to D. not to be going
5. ---I usually go there by train. ---Why not _ by boat for a change.
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. He pretended _ nothing about it.
A. know B. to know C. knowing D. knew
7. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
8. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to going C. for risk to go D. risk going
9. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind __ to buy.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
10. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
1---5 ACDCD 6---10 BAABC
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虚拟语气的练习：
1. The boy acted __he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
2. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
3. If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed
4. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
5. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
6. If we __ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
7. If I __ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King __ right away.
A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested
10. Jane's uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
1.a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. c
1. The boy acted __he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
2. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
3. If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed
4. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
5. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
6. If we __ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
7. If I __ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King __ right away.
A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested
10. Jane's uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
1.a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. c
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首先,非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词,在用的时候必需与其他的词连用;虚拟语气是假设,这有很多种情况的,有什么你还是加我QQ吧,一个一个的问
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