Question

英语定语从句语法

Answer 1

定语从句是在句子中充当定语成分的从句,修饰名词和代词,即主语和宾语.下面是我认为比较要的点（从网上找的）.
That 指人或物 which 指人或物（定语从句中）
[注意] 1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现.
2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开.
条件状语从句中没有将来时,用一般现在代将来.
定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.　　① 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面.如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
② 语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词.
③ 关系代词或关系副词的作用：关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语.which指物,that多指物,有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语.定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略.This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days./ Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语.如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago./ I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
④ 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整.非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不至于影响主句的意思.如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book,which none of us had heard of.
[注解] 1、关系代词只能用that的情况：当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all,anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that.如：All that Lily told me seems untrue./ Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.
2、先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时,关系代词用that而不用which.
Do you know the things and persons (that) they are talking about?
3.、主语是there be 句型时关系代词用that.
There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.
3、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物.如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner(?/ Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.
4、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略.如：Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to.
5、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who.如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.(= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.
6、as引导非限制定语从句位置较灵活,可以放在主语前中后,which 引导的定语从句只能放在主语之后.
As everybody knows,Shakespeare is a famous writer.
Shakespeare,as everybody knows,is a famous writer.
Shakespeare is a famous writer,as everybody knows.
The plan worked out very well,which is more than we could expect.
.
5.只用which,不用that的情况:
引导非限制性定语从句时;
引导词前有介词时;
一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用that引导,另一个用which引导;
e.g.He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.
6.当those作为先行词指人时,通常只能用who引导;
as 从句的先行词是the same,such,或被他们所修饰;多用于表示肯定意义的从句中,不用于表否定意义的从句中.
e.g.Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.
The result was not such as he expected.
It was raining hard,which(as) was unexpected.
8.介词+关系代词要根据
谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g.This is the evidence with which the case is connected.
先行词 e.g.I'll never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.
c.句子表达的意思 e.g.The boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked.
d.在非限制性定语从句中,名词代词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系
e.g.The workers,some of whom stayed for four years,came from different countries.
e.介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前,有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上.
e.g.We did it in the same way in which he didwhich he did in.
9.That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用
e.g.This is the house in which Louis XIII lived.
This is the house that Louis XIII lived.
This is the house where Louis XIII lived.
This is house which Louis XIII lived in.
This is the house Louis XIII lived in.