英语里主谓短语结构解析
主谓短语也叫做独立主格、独立结构或独立主格结构。它的构成是：
名词/代词+动词
叫它“短语”而不是“句子”，因此，其中的动词必须用“非谓语”动词的形式，否则就是“主谓句子”了，这一点无疑是了解短语最重要的一点了。
那么最后的构成是这样的：
名词/代词+非谓语动词
1、名词/代词+现在分词
Mary coming back, they discussed it together.
如果不用主谓短语，就需要两个句子来表达同样一句话：
Mary came back. They discussed it together.
The train arriving at Platform 8 is the 17.50from London.
如果不用主谓短语，就需要两个句子来表达同样一句话：
The train arrived at Platform 8. The train is the17.50 from London.
或者用定语从句来表达：
The train which arrived at Platform 8 is the 17.50 from London.
2、名词/代词+不定式
Lots of homework to do, the little boy had to stay home all day.
No house to live in, the beggar had to sleep in the cave.
I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
3、名词/代词+过去分词
The system used in this school is very successful.
He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished for the day.
注意：(逻辑)主语和谓语有被动的意思
4、主系表短语
His stomach (being) empty, he looked for something to eat when he came back.
注：上面的(逻辑)表语是形容词
Class (being) over, the students rushed out of the class.
注：上面的(逻辑)表语是副词
He came out of the library, a thick dictionary (being) under his arm.
注：上面的(逻辑)表语是介宾短语
with/without 独立结构
John received an invention to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.
Without his work finished, John got home late.
They sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on the backs, completely uninterested in the tourists.
公众号：英语语法教程
