Question

谁知道过去分词作伴随状语的详细讲解啊?

Answer 1

过去分词作状语探究
【考点导航】
1. ______ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建)
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
2. _________ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. (2009江西)
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
[答案与解析] 1. B.该分词短语的逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager,它与分词短语表示的动作之间是动宾关系,故使用过去分词.
2. D.分词与其逻辑主语,即动词give与these teenage soccer players之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词.
【重点归纳】
过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等.其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致,过去分词与逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系.表示时间、原因、条件、让步的过去分词可以拓展成相应的状语从句.
一、用作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)
Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
= When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
Whenever asked about it, he could hardly hold back his feelings.
= Whenever he was asked about it, he could hardly hold back his feelings.
Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.
= After they were discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.
(如果过去分词既表示被动又表示动作完成,也可使用现在分词的被动完成式.)
二、作原因状语(相当于一个原因状语从句)
Moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work.
= Because they were moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work.
Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
= Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
三、作条件状语(相当于一个条件状语从句)
Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
= If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
He will e if asked.
= He will e if he is asked.
四、作让步状语(相当于一个让步状语从句)
Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.
= Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.
五、作方式或伴随状语
He entered, acpanied by his secretary.
She sat by the window, lost in thought.
六、有时一个单独的过去分词也可以作状语,用来说明主语的性质特征.
He turned away, disappointed.
七、带主语的情况
如果过去分词前面带有逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词短语的逻辑主语.这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.如：
The signal given, the bus started.
Her head held high, she went by.
All things considered, her paper is of great value.
八、“连词 + 分词”结构
在“连词 + 分词”结构中,用现在分词还是用过去分词取决于分词与句子主语的关系.如果分词与主语之间是主动关系,即主语是分词的发出者,用现在分词；如果分词与主语之间是被动关系,即主语是分词的承受者,则用过去分词.如：
While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring.
I am sure that Laura’s latest play, once staged, will prove a great success.
[特别提醒]
有些过去分词已用作形容词,常用于系表结构,作状语时不表被动动作而表状态.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost (迷路),seated (坐),hidden (躲),absorbed in (沉溺于),born (出生),dressed in (穿着),tired of (厌烦)等.如：
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overe them.
Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
[难点点拨] 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别
分词作状语时,句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语.但现在分词作状语时,与其逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,也可以用现在分词的完成式表示动作的完成.过去分词作状语时,它表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系.现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作,过去分词表示被动完成的动作.如：
Reading the article carefully, you’ll learn something new.
Read carefully, the article has several mistakes.
【经典考题】
选择正确答案填空.
1. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. (2009湖南)
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
2. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions . (2009全国I)
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
3. ______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江)
A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired
4. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. (2009北京)
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
5. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. (2009天津)
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged