英语句子结构分析
简单句的句子结构,有5种。
一:S+V (主+谓)
二:S+V+P (主+系+表)
三:S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
五:S+V+DO+OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
1. 主 + 谓(S+V)
“主语+谓语”
名词/代词/不定式/动名词 + 动词
谓语动词可以表达完整的意思,这类动词为不及物动词(vi)。
如果不理解什么是不及物动词,请移步
例句:
So I do, master. (Pat a cake)
Little Robin chirped and sang.(Robin Redbreast)
2.主+系+表(S+V+P)
主语 +系动词 +表语
表语说明主语的状态和性质,可以是名词,形容词,副词,短语等。
系动词包括:
a. be 动词,am, is, are, was, were;
b. 表感官:feel, smell, sound, taste, look;
c. 表变化:become, grow, turn, go, get, fall;
d. 表状态:remain, keep, hold, stay, seem.
例句:
I'm always alone. (Little Jumping Joan)
The storms grow stronger. (Lightening Days)
He was so small. (Jerry Hall)
3. 主+谓+宾(S+V+O)
主语+谓语+宾语
谓语一般为及物动词(vt.),后面必须要跟宾语才能表达完整的意思。宾语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
例句:
They broke my pitcher, and spilt the water, and huffed my mother, and chid her daughter, and kissed my sister instead of me. (A Melancholy Song)
I met a man with seven wives. (Going to ST.ives)
We'll have a pudding in half an hour. (Come out to Play)
March winds and April showersbring forth May flowers. (March winds)
(感谢
@祁思言
的指正,这句应该放这里)
4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾
S+V+IO+O
这种句型,谓语动词必须要跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思。两个宾语分别是动作的直接承受者(一般是物)和间接承受者(一般是人)。
e.g.,
give sb sth = give sth to sb
tell sb sth = tell sth to sb
例句:
I'll give you some bread, and some milk by-and-by. (Baby Dolly)
She passed him the salt. (感谢
@elephant dick
的提醒,之前的例句放错了换成这个)
I'll tell you a story about Jack-a-Nory. (I'll Tell You a Story)
5. 主+谓+宾+宾补
S+V+O+OC
此种情况,动词虽然跟了宾语,但句子意思不完整,需要跟上一个补足语,对宾语进行解释说明,句子意思才能完整通顺。
例句:
He'll sit in a barn, and keep himself warm. (The Robin)
Three straws on a staff would make a baby cry and laugh. (Three Straws)
I had a little boy, and called him Blue Bell. (Blue Bell Boy)