请各位英语高手们帮忙翻译下面这篇英语,我会好好谢谢大家的,我会再加分,谁好给谁,谢谢
4DistributionandPricingTraditionalresearchintheareaofdistributionhasmainlyfocusedonth...
4 Distribution and Pricing
Traditional research in the area of distribution has mainly focused on three issues: (1) the optimal location of distribution centers and warehouses,(2) inventory and allocation in a distribution network,and (3) transportation and routing algorithms.
Such models have been studied by researchers in operations research (OR) for several years. For example,Geoffrion and Graves (1974) study the multicommodity warehouse location problem for a major food firm; Eppen and Schrage (1981) study the inventory allocation decisions in a distribution network;and Bramel and Simchi-Levi(1997)present an overview of logistics research. During these years,OR researchers have developed effective solution methodologies for solving large-scale instances of the production distribution problem that have enabled firms to streamline their supply chains. Arntzen et al.(1995) describe the implementation of such a model for reengineering at DEC.
The Internet has provided another channel for distribution of goods. With the prevalence of business-to-consumer and business-to-business e-commerce,several firms such as Amazon have had to develop a comprehensive distribution network for their
business. Clearly, the customer base is more dispersed and in many cases, customers may buy goods that need to be delivered elsewhere (such as a gift).Neglecting the costs and synergies related to distribution and transportation have proved fatal to several early movers in this business. In particular, firms that have been most affected by this were online grocers(like Peapod and Webvan) and home delivery firms
(like Kozmo and HomeRuns). This primarily occurred because these firms had to deal with numerous tight delivery time windows (mostly customer preferred)in addition to other logistic complexities, which made it extremely difficult to gain efficiency through synergies in distribution and transportation. 展开
Traditional research in the area of distribution has mainly focused on three issues: (1) the optimal location of distribution centers and warehouses,(2) inventory and allocation in a distribution network,and (3) transportation and routing algorithms.
Such models have been studied by researchers in operations research (OR) for several years. For example,Geoffrion and Graves (1974) study the multicommodity warehouse location problem for a major food firm; Eppen and Schrage (1981) study the inventory allocation decisions in a distribution network;and Bramel and Simchi-Levi(1997)present an overview of logistics research. During these years,OR researchers have developed effective solution methodologies for solving large-scale instances of the production distribution problem that have enabled firms to streamline their supply chains. Arntzen et al.(1995) describe the implementation of such a model for reengineering at DEC.
The Internet has provided another channel for distribution of goods. With the prevalence of business-to-consumer and business-to-business e-commerce,several firms such as Amazon have had to develop a comprehensive distribution network for their
business. Clearly, the customer base is more dispersed and in many cases, customers may buy goods that need to be delivered elsewhere (such as a gift).Neglecting the costs and synergies related to distribution and transportation have proved fatal to several early movers in this business. In particular, firms that have been most affected by this were online grocers(like Peapod and Webvan) and home delivery firms
(like Kozmo and HomeRuns). This primarily occurred because these firms had to deal with numerous tight delivery time windows (mostly customer preferred)in addition to other logistic complexities, which made it extremely difficult to gain efficiency through synergies in distribution and transportation. 展开
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4发行和定价
Traditional研究在发行范围主要集中于三个问题: (1)分配中心的优选的地点和仓库, (2)在分布式网络的存货和分派和(3)运输和发送算法。
Such模型由运筹学的研究员学习了(或)几年。 例如, Geoffrion和Graves (1974)学习一家主要食物企业的多元商品的仓库地点问题; eppen和Schrage (1981)学习在分布式网络的存货分派决定; 并且后勤学概要研究的Bramel和SimchiLEVI (1997)礼物。 这些年来或者研究员开发了解决使企业简化他们的供应链生产发行问题的大规模事例的有效的解答方法学。 Arntzen (1995)等描述这样一个模型的实施重新建造的在12月。
The互联网为物品的发行提供了另一种渠道。 事务对消费者和企业间的电子商务的流行,几家企业例如亚马逊必须开发他们的一个全面分布式网络
business. 清楚地,用户是被分散,并且在许多情况下,顾客也许买需要在别处交付的物品(例如礼物)。忽略费用和共同作用与发行和运输有关证明了致命到在这事务的几名早期的搬家工人。 特别是,受此最影响的企业是网上菜市场(象Peapod和Webvan)和家庭交付企业
(象Kozmo和HomeRuns)。 这主要发生了,因为这些企业必须涉及许多紧的交货时间窗口(主要顾客首选)除其他后勤复杂之外,使极端难通过在发行和运输的共同作用获取效率。
Traditional研究在发行范围主要集中于三个问题: (1)分配中心的优选的地点和仓库, (2)在分布式网络的存货和分派和(3)运输和发送算法。
Such模型由运筹学的研究员学习了(或)几年。 例如, Geoffrion和Graves (1974)学习一家主要食物企业的多元商品的仓库地点问题; eppen和Schrage (1981)学习在分布式网络的存货分派决定; 并且后勤学概要研究的Bramel和SimchiLEVI (1997)礼物。 这些年来或者研究员开发了解决使企业简化他们的供应链生产发行问题的大规模事例的有效的解答方法学。 Arntzen (1995)等描述这样一个模型的实施重新建造的在12月。
The互联网为物品的发行提供了另一种渠道。 事务对消费者和企业间的电子商务的流行,几家企业例如亚马逊必须开发他们的一个全面分布式网络
business. 清楚地,用户是被分散,并且在许多情况下,顾客也许买需要在别处交付的物品(例如礼物)。忽略费用和共同作用与发行和运输有关证明了致命到在这事务的几名早期的搬家工人。 特别是,受此最影响的企业是网上菜市场(象Peapod和Webvan)和家庭交付企业
(象Kozmo和HomeRuns)。 这主要发生了,因为这些企业必须涉及许多紧的交货时间窗口(主要顾客首选)除其他后勤复杂之外,使极端难通过在发行和运输的共同作用获取效率。
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第4的分配和定价
传统研究领域的分布主要集中在三个问题: ( 1 )最佳位置的分销中心和仓库, ( 2 )存货和分配中的分销网络,以及( 3 )运输和路由算法。
这种模式进行了研究,研究人员在行动研究(或)有好几年了。例如,杰欧弗里奥恩和格雷夫斯( 1974年)研究multicommodity仓库选址问题的一项重大食品公司; Eppen和施拉格( 1981 )研究存货分配决定了分销网络;和Bramel和Simchi -列维( 1997 )本概述物流的研究。在这些年里,或研究人员已经研究出有效的解决办法的方法解决大规模的情况下生产分配问题,使企业精简其供应链。 Arntzen等。 ( 1995 )描述了实施这种模式恒再造上。
互联网已经提供了另一种渠道,分配货物。由于普遍存在的企业对消费者和企业对企业电子商务,一些公司,如亚马逊已制定一项全面的分销网络为他们
商业。显然,客户群是比较分散,在许多情况下,客户可以购买商品,需要提供其他地方(如礼品) 。忽视的成本和协同相关的分配和运输已经证明了致命的早期推动者这项业务。特别是,公司已受影响最严重的是这样的网上杂货店(如Peapod和了90 ) ,并送货上门的公司
(如Kozmo和本垒打) 。这主要是因为这些公司不得不处理许多交货时间紧窗户(主要是客户的首选)此外,其他后勤的复杂性,这使得极难获得通过协同效率的分配和运输。
传统研究领域的分布主要集中在三个问题: ( 1 )最佳位置的分销中心和仓库, ( 2 )存货和分配中的分销网络,以及( 3 )运输和路由算法。
这种模式进行了研究,研究人员在行动研究(或)有好几年了。例如,杰欧弗里奥恩和格雷夫斯( 1974年)研究multicommodity仓库选址问题的一项重大食品公司; Eppen和施拉格( 1981 )研究存货分配决定了分销网络;和Bramel和Simchi -列维( 1997 )本概述物流的研究。在这些年里,或研究人员已经研究出有效的解决办法的方法解决大规模的情况下生产分配问题,使企业精简其供应链。 Arntzen等。 ( 1995 )描述了实施这种模式恒再造上。
互联网已经提供了另一种渠道,分配货物。由于普遍存在的企业对消费者和企业对企业电子商务,一些公司,如亚马逊已制定一项全面的分销网络为他们
商业。显然,客户群是比较分散,在许多情况下,客户可以购买商品,需要提供其他地方(如礼品) 。忽视的成本和协同相关的分配和运输已经证明了致命的早期推动者这项业务。特别是,公司已受影响最严重的是这样的网上杂货店(如Peapod和了90 ) ,并送货上门的公司
(如Kozmo和本垒打) 。这主要是因为这些公司不得不处理许多交货时间紧窗户(主要是客户的首选)此外,其他后勤的复杂性,这使得极难获得通过协同效率的分配和运输。
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