Question

英语中的 虚拟语气怎么用?

Answer 1

虚拟语气　　1）
概念
　　　虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
　　2）
在条件句中的应用
　　条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
　　1.真实条件句
　　　真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中
if
是如果的意思。
　　时态关系
　　句型：条件从句　主句
　　一般现在时
shall/will/can/may/etc.
+
动词原形
　　If
he
comes,
he
will
bring
his
violin.
　　典型例题
　　The
volleyball
match
will
be
put
off
if
it
___.　
　　A.　will
rain　B.
rains　C.
rained　D.
is
rained
　　答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
　　注意：
　　1）
在真实条件句中，主句不能用be
going
to表示将来，该用shall,
will.
　　(错)
If
you
leave
now,
you
are
never
going
to
regret
it.
　　(对)
If
you
leave
now,
you
will
never
regret
it.
　　2）
表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall
(will)
+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

Answer 2

虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：
1．名词从句中的虚拟语气
标志词+should+动词原形
2．条件从句中的虚拟语气
①三种基本态
②倒装虚拟句
③混时虚拟句
④含蓄虚拟句
⑤跳层虚拟句
3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would
rather/It’s
high
time…/If
only…/lest）
一．三种基本形态（1）
表虚拟的时间
if从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
现在：
did
/
were
would
(should,
might,
could)+do
过去：
had
done/
had
been
would
(should/might/could)+have
done(been)
将来：
were
to/
should+do
would
(should,
might,
could)+do
三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）
与现在事实相反：If
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
与过去事实相反：If
I
had
had
enough
money,
I
would
have
bought
a
book.
与将来事实相反：If
I
were
to
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
If
I
should
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）
Had
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
have
bought
a
book.
Were
I
to
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
Should
I
have
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）
(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)
If
I
had
studied
English
at
school,
I
could
read
the
English
novel
now.
(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)
If
she
were
not
so
careless,
she
wouldn’t
have
made
such
a
mistake.

Answer 3

如果你想表达一个虚拟的意思，即非真实的情况那么就要用虚拟语气了。现在的英语中有三种表虚拟的：一种是BE型，即用动词原形，二是WERE型，不管主语是什么人称，谓语动词都是用were，还有一种就是混合情况了，比如说it's time that+clause等clause分句中的谓动就要用一般过去时了。像这种特殊的情况还很多，这就要靠自己的积累了。

Answer 4

过去应该做的却未做的就用 SHOULD。WOULD也表虚拟语气