Question

烦请给路高手帮小弟翻译一下下面这段话。（中译英）

“〔例8.2〕利用表8-1资料计算帕氏指数。
帕氏价格指数

＝ 444 -480 = －36 (元)
计算结果说明，三种商品的价格水平平均下降了7.5%，由于价格下跌，使商店减少销售额36元，或居民少支出36元。
帕氏销售量指数

＝ 444 -380 = 64 (元)
计算结果说明，三种商品的销售量平均增长16.8%，由于销售量增长而使商店增加销售额64元。
从以上计算和分析中看到，同一个资料，帕氏指数与拉氏指数的结果是不同的。为什么会出现这种现象？现以价格指数为例进行讨论。从包含的因素看，帕氏价格指数用报告期的销售量 作为同度量因素，以基期作为比较标准，销售量从 变到 ，所以帕氏价格指数在反映零售商品价格变动的同时，也包含有销售量变动的因素在内，这意味着帕氏指数并没有完全排除同度量因素的干扰。用公式表示为：

因此，公式 中包含有 的影响。从绝对数来看

式中 被称为价格与销售量的共变影响额。
是不是由于共变影响因素的存在就完全否认帕氏指数而全部选择拉氏指数呢？这还应该从指数应用的现实经济意义去分析。计算价格指数的目的，是测定商品价格的波动情况，以说明市场物价变动对人民生活的影响程度。如果用拉氏指数公式即同度量因素固定在基期，其分子与分母之差额说明由于物价的变动，居民按过去的购买量及其结构购买商品，支出的金额的多少，这显然没有什么现实意义的。从实际生活角度看,人们更关心在报告期销售量条件下,由于价格变动对实际生活的影响。如果用帕氏指数公式即同度量因素固定在报告期，可以同时反映出价格和消费结构的变化，具有比较明确的经济意义，公式的分子与分母之差额，说明由于物价的变动，居民按目前的购买量及其结构购买商品，支出的金额的多少。可见，用帕氏指数公式计算价格指数，比较符合价格指数的计算目的。销售量指数的计算目的在于反映销售量的变动，把价格固定在基期水平上意味着在原来价格水平的基础上测定销售量的综合变动是比较恰当的。因此，在编制销售量指数时，一般应采用基期的商品价格作为同度量因素。这种选择同时也是指数体系的要求。
综上所述，在计算质量指标指数时，应采用报告期的数量指标作为同度量因素。在计算数量指标指数时，应采用基期质量指标作为同度量因素。这是编制综合指数的一般原则。
3.同度量因素固定在某一特定时期的综合指数
将同度量因素固定在某一特定时期的水平上，其公式为：
杨格物价指数 （8.6）
杨格物量指数 （8.7）
这种方法是英国学者杨格（Young）于1818年首先采用的，故又称之为杨格公式。该指数的同度量因素不是基期水平，也不是报告期水平，而是某一典型水平或若干期的平均水平，因此，这里的指数时期和同度量因素的时期是不同的。选择固定的同度量因素，不仅简化了指数计算，而且可以避免某些非正常情况所造成的不可比性，从而便于观察现象长期变化发展的趋势。因此，杨格公式在实践中经常采用。当然，同度量因素在间隔一定时期后，随着情况的变化就应及时加以修正和调整。”谢谢各位大大！！！

Answer 1

Table 8-1 use of Pap index data.
Pap price index

= 444 -480 = -36 (million)
The results show that three kinds of commodities prices fell by an average of 7.5 percent, due to falling prices, so that store sales decrease 36 yuan or 36 yuan residents spending less.
Pap sales index

= 444 -380 = 64 (million)
The results show that three types of goods sold and the average growth of 16.8 percent, as sales growth in stores to increase sales by 64 yuan.
From the above calculation and analysis that the same information, Pap index Rumsfeld and the results of the index are different. Why is there such a phenomenon? Price index is to be discussed as an example. From factors include, Pap price index report with the same period of metrics as sales, as compared to the standard base period, from sales to change, the Pap reflected in the retail price index changes in commodity prices, it also contains Variations in sales volume, which means that Pap index has not absolutely ruled out with the measurement factors. Using that formula:

As a result, the formula contains some impact. From the absolute point of view

Sino-called price and the sales were affected by the amount.
Is not a total change due to factors completely denied the existence of Pap index and the choice of Rumsfeld's index of all this? It should also be applied from the index of real economic significance to analyze. The purpose of calculating the price index is measured by the volatility of commodity prices, to illustrate the changes in market prices of the extent of the impact of people's lives. If Rumsfeld's index formula that measure the same factors in the fixed base period, and its molecular denominator of the difference between that price as a result of changes in the past by residents of the purchase amount and structure of the purchase of goods, the amount of how much spending is clearly no practical significance The. From a practical point of view, people are more concerned with sales in the reporting period conditions, as a result of price changes on real life. If Pap index formula that measure the same factors in the fixed period, and at the same time reflects the price changes in the structure of consumption, compared with a clear economic significance, the molecular formula and the denominator of the difference, that as a result of changes in prices, according to people present The purchase amount and structure of the purchase of goods, the number of the amount of expenditures. Can be seen with Pap index formula price index, compared with the price index for the purpose of the calculation. Sales of the index calculation is to reflect the change in sales, the price fixed in the base year level means that the original price level on the basis of a comprehensive change in the determination of sales is more appropriate. As a result, sales in the preparation of the index, the general should be based commodity prices as a measure of the same factors. This choice is also the index system.
To sum up, in calculating the index quality indicators, reporting period should be used as an indicator of the number of the same factors that measure. In calculating the number of indicators index, the base period should be used as indicators of the quality of the same factors that measure. This is the preparation of the composite index of general principles.
3. Measure with the fixed factors in a given period of Composite Index
Measure the same factors will be fixed at a particular time level, the formula is:
Young Price Index (8.6)
Yang Ge Wu volume index (8.7)
This is a British scholar Young (Young) was first adopted in 1818, it is also known as the Young formula. The index of the same factors that measure the level of the base period is not, nor is the level of the reporting period, but the level of a typical period or the average level, and here the index during the same period of metrics factors are different. With the choice of a fixed measure, not only to simplify the calculation of the index, and avoid some of the abnormal situation created by the non-comparability, in order to facilitate the observation of the phenomenon of long-term change in trend. As a result, Young formula often used in practice. Of course, the same factors that measure the interval after a certain period of time, as the situation changes should be revised and adjusted in a timely manner.