Question

求哪位高手帮我翻译一下英文~~~不甚感激~英译中

In reality, however, supply chain operations are often subject to random variations. For example, the transportation
network may suffer from unexpected congestion and hence yield random lead times; price discounts
may be offered from time to time partly due to alternating growth and recession seasons.When the economy is
growing (or seasonal discounts are offered), suppliers are more likely to use aggressive operating (production
or ordering) policies that maintain higher inventory levels. During recessions or when discounts are over, suppliers
are likely to be more conservative. Earlier research on the bullwhip effect, e.g., that in [28,29], finds that
stochastic supplier behavior and price fluctuations exaggerate the bullwhip effect for specific ordering policies
and customer demand processes.
This paper presents some robust results for general policies, allowing for stochastic supplier behavior and
operating uncertainties; i.e., for stochastic system dynamics. Randomness introduces complications that eliminate
the advantages of working in the frequency domain with transform methods as in [10–14,33,34]. Therefore,
we work here in the time domain, modeling the chain as a Markovian jump linear system (MJLS). We
focus on a single echelon, but multi-echelon models are also presented. Section 2 introduces the basic notation,
problem formulation, and a proposed bullwhip effect metric for robust analysis. Section 3 presents various
analytical results for general policies, including diagnostics for the bullwhip effect and robust bounds for its
magnitude. Section 4 gives several examples. Section 5 discusses the generalization of this work to multi-echelon
chains.
2. Formulation
We first present the basic notation for deterministic chains, and then introduce modifications to capture
randomness

Answer 1

好高难度

Answer 2

然而，实际上，供应链的运作常常受到一些随机的变化。例如，交通运输
网络可能遭受意外的拥挤，从而导致产量随机倍;价格折扣
可以提供不时部分原因是由于交替增长和衰退的seasons.When经济
增长（或季节性折扣提供） ，供应商更可能使用侵略性经营（生产
或命令）的政策，维持较高的库存水平。在经济衰退或以上的折扣，供应商
很可能是更为保守。此前研究牛鞭效应，例如，在[ 28,29 ] ，认为
随机供应商行为和价格波动夸大牛鞭效应的具体订货政策
和客户需求的过程。
本文介绍的一些强有力的结果一般政策，允许随机行为和供应商
经营的不确定性，即随机系统动力学。随机性介绍，消除并发症
的优势，工作中的频域与变换方法如[ 10-14,33,34 ] 。因此，
我们的工作在这里的时域，建模链作为马尔可夫跳跃线性系统（ MJLS ） 。我们
专注于一个单一的梯队，但多级模型还介绍。第2节介绍了基本的符号，
问题的提法，并提出牛鞭效应指标强有力的分析。第3节介绍各种
分析结果为一般的政策，包括诊断的牛鞭效应和强大的跨越
级。第4节给出的几个例子。第5节讨论了推广这项工作，以多级
链。
2 。配方
首先，我们目前的基本符号的决定性环节，然后提出修改捕捉
随机性

Answer 3

这么~~~~~~~~长的一篇，你只给20分，傻子才翻呢。