Question

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A single status may have multiple roles attached to it,constituting a role set.Consider the status of a patient in a hospital.The status involves the sick role;another role as the peer of other patients;still another role as the "appreciative"receicer of the gifts and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspaper,magazines,and other small items purchased from a hospital attendant ; and a role as acquaintance of a number of friendly hospital peraonnel.Or consider your status as a faamliy member.Your status a variety of roles,for example,parent and child ,uncle,spouse,and cousin.Clearly,a role does not exist in a social vacuum;it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activitives of other people.For this reason,there can be no professors without students,no husbands without wives,no white without nonwhite,and no lawyers without clients.
Roles affect us as sets of norms that define our duties——the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform,and our rights——the actions we can legitimately insist that others perform.Every role has at least one reciprocal role attached to it;the rights of one role are the duties of the other role.As we have noted,we have a social niche for the sick.Sick people have rights——our society says they do not have to function in usual ways until they get well.But sick people also have the duty to get well and "not enjoy themselves too much".The sick role also entail an appeal to another party——the physician.The physician must perceive the patient as trying to get well——thia is the physician's right and the patient's duty.And the patient must see the doctor as sincere——the patient's right and the physician's duty.It should come as no surprise that the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.
One way that people are linked in groups is through networks of reciprocal role.Role relationships tie us to one another because the rights of one end of the relationship are the duties of the othee.People experience these stable relationships as social structure ——a hospital,a college,a family, a gang,an army,and so on.

Answer 1

一个单一的状态可以有多个角色,构成了属于它的地位作用.考虑到医院病人的角色地位;另涉及生病的作用;其他的同行的还有一个作用的“感激”receicer礼物和注意力的朋友和家庭成员之一,作为消费者的作用;对报纸,杂志,和其它小物件从医院服务员,被视为是一个熟人的大量友好医院peraonnel.还是考虑你的身份地位faamliy 成员.你的各式各样的角色,例如,父母和孩子、叔叔、配偶、表兄妹.显然地,一个角色并不存在于真空;这是一个社会的活动,一束与其他有余的枉法裁判这个原因,也就不可能有任何的丈夫没有学生,教授的妻子,没有白而而非白色,没有律师没有客户。
作为套角色定义了我们的标准的职责——别人可以合法行为坚持让我们的表现,以及我们的权利——我们可以合法行为坚持认为别人表演.每一角色都至少有一个相互作用;属于它的权利义务的作用是其他角色.我们已经注意到,我们的社会,人们的生态生病.生病权利——我们的社会表示他们没有在平常的方法才会很连惯生病的人也有义务去好”和“不喜欢自己太多了”,也导致生病的作用,另一方上诉——内科医生.这些医师应当对病人为——试图获得医生的权利是满怀,病人的责任.和病人必须去看医生作为患者的权利——真诚和医生的责任.它就不足为奇的医疗品质时,病人和医生角色动摇期望分解。
那人是通过网络连接在组织的关系,互惠作用.角色领带,因为我们彼此的权利的关系结束时的职责是othee.人们经历这些关系稳定的社会结构——一家医院,一所大学,一个家庭,一个帮派,一支军队,等等。
(仅供参考)