Question

请英语牛人帮忙翻译一篇文章 由于比较长 分成了四部分 采纳后必有重谢（以下是文章内容）

应该指出，毛泽东力主个性，强调自我本位，自我实现，并非不顾社会和他人。他强调
指出，达到自我实现目的的方珐在活动，而“活动之所凭借，在于国家社会种种之组纵，人
类之结合。”可见，毛泽东并不排斥社会，但其基本前提是以自我为本位。
毛泽东强调自我保存和自我实现。
对于个人而方言，保存自我是首要存在的价值。古希腊时期斯多葛派的代表人物之诺说
过； “每一动物的首要的和最关切的事情是它自己的生存，及其生存的自觉。”(《酉方伦理
学名著选辑》上卷，商务印书馆1987年版，第214—215页)17世纪荷兰哲学家斯实诺莎认
为，人的本性就是自保，是求生存的努力， “假如每一个人愈能寻求他自己的利益时，则人
们彼此间便最为有益。因为每个人愈能寻求他自己的利益，井保持自己的存在，则他将愈具
有德性，或换句话说，他将愈具有较大的力量，依照他自己的本性的法则而行动，亦即遵循
理性的指导而生活。” (同上，第634——635页)
这些思想对于当时深受西方资产阶级思潮影响的毛泽东来说，显然是欣然接受的。毛泽
东说： “人莫不以自存为鹄”。泡尔生认为，利己感情与利他感情常杂然并存，井举例说：
“不观动物乎，其自存之冲动，固己与保存种族之冲动并存矣”。毛泽东批注说： “此事实
诚然，然不可言并当言先后。动物固以自保之冲动为先，以保存种族之冲动为后，动物在其
幼时无所谓保存种族之冲动也。”毛泽东对那些借利他之名而行利己之实的人表示愤慨：
“嗟乎！吾于此有深感焉，即借利他之名而行其利己之实者之多是也。真者，善也；伪者，
恶也，实行利己主义者，念虽小而犹真也，借利他之名而行利己之实者，则大伪者。由利己
而放开之至于利人类之大己，利人类之人己，利宇宙之大己，系由小真而大真，人类智力进
步可得达到也。人己井举则次序不明，易致假利他之名而行利己之实，无由而达到最大之利
己也。”这是对近代中国社会“伪而不真，虚而不实”的道德状况的真实描绘。
毛泽东认为，实现自我既是人类的目的，又是个人对自己的义务。 “人类之目的在实现
自我而已。实现自我者，即充分发达吾人身体及精神之能力至于最高之谓。”什么是对自己
的义务，一句话即“充分发达自己身体及精神之能力而已。”关于发达身体，毛挥东在《体
育之研究》一文中作了详尽论述，而在《批注》中，对精神的发达作了十分完备的阐述。
毛泽东在湖南第一师范就读期间，曾听杨昌济先生讲过德国哲家的“自我实现伦理
学”，而最直接引他提出“自我实现”口号的，则是德国伦理学家泡尔生的《伦理学原
理》。泡尔生的哲学观点是二元论，伦理思想的特点是调和理性主义和感性主义，调和义务
和欲望。他的自我实现的伦理观就是综合义务论和目的论的产物。泡尔生认为，至善是一种
完善的生活，一个人和一个社会的至善都在于生命的完美发展和训练，完善的生活对于个人
来说，就是身体和精神的力量都得到完全发展并使之充分地实行于人的存在的所有方面的生
活。个体在与他人的密切交流中，充分地加入社会主要的历史和精神之中。这个目标的实
现，抱尔生称之为“幸福”。可见，泡尔生在自我实现的问题上，实质上是义务论的，他的
自我实现论主要是道德自我完善和道德价值的自我实现，在完善的个人那里，道德有其绝对
价值。

Answer 1

It should be noted that, Mao Zedong advocated personality, emphasis on self-based, self-fulfillment, regardless of social and others are not. He stressed
Pointed out that to achieve the purpose of self-realization in the activities of enamel side, and "by virtue of activities lies in the various countries of the Group longitudinal community, people
The combination of categories. "This shows that Mao does not exclude the community, but its basic premise is based on self-based.
Mao Zedong's emphasis on self-preservation and self-realization.
For individuals dialect, self-preservation is the primary value of existence. Ancient Greek period stoicism representative said the Connaught
Too; "Each animal's first and most concerned about the thing is its own survival, and its own survival." ( "Unitary side ethics
Famous Works portfolio, "the first volume, the Commercial Press in 1987 edition, the first pages 214-215) the 17th century Dutch philosopher Spinoza Adams is identified
For, human nature is self-protection is to survive the efforts of, "If everyone in the more able to seek his own interests, then people
Who between them would be most useful. Because the more each person can seek his own interests, to maintain their own wells exist, he would become a
There is virtue, or in other words, the more he will have greater strength, in accordance with his own law of nature and action, that is, to follow
The guidance of rational living. "(Ibid., para 634 - 635 pages)
These ideas for the bourgeoisie was strongly influenced by western ideas of Mao Zedong's influence is obviously pleased to accept. Mao
East said: "The people around world to self-existence for the swan." Paulsen believes that self-feelings and the feelings of altruism often coexist miscellaneous Ran, well, for example:
"No concept of animal even its self-existence of impulse, solid race and preservation of their own impulses coexist say." Mao Zedong's endorsement, said: "The fact that
It is true, but it can not be made and when the statement after another. Solid captive animals to the impulse for the first, the impulse to preserve the race for the post, animals in their
Childhood do not care to preserve the impulse to race also. "Mao Zedong on those by the name of altruism and self-serving line of real people who expressed indignation:
"嗟乎! I have deeply this behavior, that is, by the name of altruism and self-serving line of the many who are also real. True, the good deeds; pseudo-persons,
Evil is also the implementation of an egoist, read, although I still really small and also, by the name of altruism and self-serving line of the real person, then pseudo-persons. By self-serving
As for the liberalization of the benefit of mankind has been great, Lee has been the human person, Lee has been the large universe, by the small and large really true, the human intelligence into the
Step available to achieve it. People give their own wells are the order of unknown易致leave the name of altruism and self-serving line of the real, non-by to achieve the maximum benefit
Others also. "This is a modern Chinese society," the puppet instead of the true, the virtual rather than real "moral portray the true situation.
Mao Zedong believed that self-realization is not only the purpose of humanity, but also of their own personal obligations. "The purpose of mankind in the realization of
Self-only. Self-realization, that I fully developed physical and mental ability to the highest regard to that. "What is of their own
Obligations, saying that "fully developed their own physical and mental ability to it." On the well-developed body, Mao Hui East in the "body
Study of Fertility, "a paper delivered at length, and in the" endorsement "in the spirit made a very well-developed exposition.
Mao Zedong in Hunan during the first school teacher, heard Mr. Yang Changji chul said Germany's "self-realization ethics
Science "and the most direct cited his" self-realization, "the slogan, it is Germany ethicists Paulsen's" Ethics of the original
The rationale. " Paulsen's philosophical view is dualism, ethical thinking is characterized by rational and emotional reconcile, and to reconcile the obligations
And desires. His self-realization ethics and deontology is an integrated product teleological. Paulsen believes that is a Zhishan
Perfect life, a perfect and a society is to the perfect life development and training, and improve the lives of the individual
, It is physical and mental strength have been fully developed and fully implemented in the existence of people in all aspects of the Health
Live. Individuals with others in the close exchanges, to fully join the community's history and the main spirit. This goal is
Now, hold Seoul Health called "happiness." This shows that Paulsen in the issue of self-realization is, in essence, deontology, and his
Self-actualization theory of self-improvement is mainly moral and ethical values of self-realization, in perfect individuals, morality has its absolute value

Answer 2

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