Question

being done和done的区别

Answer 1

Answer 2

【Being done的用法】
一、与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态（am/ is/ are being done）和过去进行时的被动语态（was/ were being done）。如：
The new houses are being painted.这些新房子还在刷漆。
When I went to pay him a visit, he was being examined by a doctor. 当我去看他时，他正在接受医生的检查。
二、作后置定语，修饰某一名词，表示某一被动动作正在进行。如：
The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。 上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子：
The meeting which is being held now is of great importance.
注意：being done，to be done与done均可作后置定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done表示将要发生的被动动作；而done表示已经发生的被动动作。如：
The house to be built here next year belongs to Fred. 明年将在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。
The house built here last year belongs to Fred. 去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。 三、作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如：
John hates being laughed at in public. 约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。
Do you mind being left alone at home. 把你一个人留在家里你介意吗？
My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。
四、有时作主语或用在see，hear，feel等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语。如： Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。（作主语） He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（作宾补） Having been done 和done用法的区别
1.done是过去分词， having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个都可以表示“完成＋被动。”但作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.
（分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词） Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
（过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义） 2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。
The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success. They are problems left over by history.
完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如： 我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.
但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如： Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。
Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。
The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。 (The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)
3. 如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生过多次，请看例句：
(1)Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. 妙语点睛：
分词完成式having been bitten在谓语动作refused之前已经重复过两次，即分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。

【Done的用法】
首先，过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语时，要注意两点：一，作定语时要看与中心词即所修饰词的被动关系；二，作定语的位置，如果是单独的过去分词一般情况下应放在所修饰词的前面，如果是过去分词词组的话就要放在后面。例如： 1,.There are two broken cups on the ground..
2. The excited boy is my brother.
3.The old man supported by walking stick is our previous headmaster.
4.This is one of the bridges built last month..
注意其与—ing形式的区别.如，a developed country(表示完成，一个发达国家)；a developing country(表示进行，一个发展中国家)。 其次，过去分词作表语。过去分词作表语时一要看与主语的关系，并且译为某人感到„„；二要看其位置要放在系动词的后面。例如：
1. Tom got interested in the film the Rush Hour.
2. He became inspired when his father shouted:“cheer up!”.
表示“感情流露”的一些过去分词（如：interested, surprised, excited, shocked, upset 等）和这类过去分词（如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known等）常用作表语，表示状态，相当于一个形容词。其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动含义。
再次，过去分词作宾补时比较复杂一些。要注意以下几个问题：
1． 注意作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间的关系。作宾补的过去分词大多数来自于及物动词，
强调被动或完成的意义。 （1） 及物动词的过去分词作宾语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之
间存在逻辑上的被动关系。如： I want the project finished.
The headmaster wants such questions discussed at the meeting.
（2） 少数不及物动词（如go，change，fall等）的过去分词作宾补时，仅表示动作完成，
因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。如：
The couple came back, finding everything changed. She found her cell-phone gone on her way home.
2.注意过去分词，现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别。
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式（未来或全过程）或现在分词（正在进行或一直处于某种状态）；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，则用过去分词。试比较下面的句子：
I saw her enter the classroom. (全过程)
I saw her talking to him happily.（正在进行）
I saw her bitten by snake. （her和bitten 之间是被动关系）
最后，过去分词作状语。其主要是说明动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因，时间，条件，让步，方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，主句后，且用逗号隔开。如：
1. Frightened by the terrible noise in the night, the little girl didn’t dare to sleep her own room..(表示原因)
2. Asked why she did it, the monitor said it was her duty.(表示时间)
3. Watered more, these flowers could have grown better.(表示条件)
4. The old woman went into the room, supported by her son.(表示方式或伴随)