求一篇英语作文,给高分,追高分,从网上找的不靠谱的就别来了
这作文要求大概150个单词,是关于TheRivals这篇MartinArmstrong的文章的读后作文TheRivals的原文在http://210.31.141.38/...
这作文要求大概150个单词,是关于The Rivals这篇Martin Armstrong的文章的读后作文
The Rivals的原文在http://210.31.141.38/jcyy/jichuyingyu/book3/7.htm里面有
作文要求
You are expected to cover the following points
1.How do you define the word "rival"?
2.What kind of rivalry were the two characters in the story engaged in?
3.What was the result of their rivalry?Who got the upper hand
这是现代大学英语精读3第7课的课文跟课后习题,被不少大学当做考试题目,有自己写过的最好,给追高分
能写出来的帮帮忙,追分给追高分 展开
The Rivals的原文在http://210.31.141.38/jcyy/jichuyingyu/book3/7.htm里面有
作文要求
You are expected to cover the following points
1.How do you define the word "rival"?
2.What kind of rivalry were the two characters in the story engaged in?
3.What was the result of their rivalry?Who got the upper hand
这是现代大学英语精读3第7课的课文跟课后习题,被不少大学当做考试题目,有自己写过的最好,给追高分
能写出来的帮帮忙,追分给追高分 展开
6个回答
展开全部
Handbook of Telecommunication Economics INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES The last two decades have seen exceptionally fast rates of change in every aspect of the telecommunications industry. These include major technology changes and the convergence of the broadcasting, information technology and telecommunications industries. The earlier view of telecommunications as a natural monopoly has now given way to one in which almost all parts are susceptible to some form of competition. Simultaneously, market structure has changed through the replacement of the former monopolistic, vertically integrated telephone companies by a variety of competing firms. These developments have been accompanied by major legislative and regulatory developments, including the passing in the United States of the 1996 Telecommunications Act and the introduction of a large number of new laws and regulations in Europe and elsewhere. The same changes have seen a massive expansion of independent regulatory agencies. The Handbook in Telecommunications Economics provides detailed reviews and commentaries on these contemporary changes in the landscape of a major industry from an academic perspective, yet in an analytical manner that will be appreciated by a wide audience of academics and professionals with an interest in the telecommunications industry. Volume 1. Structure, Regulation and Competition The contents of volume 1 are set out in three main sections. The chapters in section one deal with the economic characteristics of the sector, which define the industry's structure. Sections two and three deal respectively with regulation and competition. Regulatory and competition issues continuously interact with each other, as each set of issues influences the other. The industry continues to evolve through the interaction of the various processes. Volume 1 aims to provide an integrated set of concepts, evidence and facts that will enable the reader to understand this process Volume 2. Technology Evolution and the Internet (forthcoming 2003) Volume 2 will highlight the economic consequences of the evolution of communications technologies beyond the basic copper fixed-line telephony infrastructure that was covered in Volume 1. The book will be structured in four sections dealing with the conceptual issues raised by technology development (1), the evolution of alternatives to traditional telephone networks (2), the internet (3) and finally the impact on the institutional environment (4).
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作者:beauty001 时间:2005-1-8 18:14:00第 2 楼
HANDBOOK OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS ECONOMICS CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1 Chapter 1 - Structure, Regulation and Competition in the Telecommunications Industry Chapter 2 - Historical Overview Chapter 3 - Network Effects Chapter 4 - Customer Demand Analysis Chapter 5 - Econometric Cost Functions Chapter 6 - Representation of Technology and Production Chapter 7 - Price Regulation Chapter 8 - The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection Chapter 9 - Interconnection Practices Chapter 10 - Universal Residential Telephone Service Chapter 11 - Competition Policy in Telecommunications Chapter 12 - Competition in the Long Distance Market Chapter 13 - Mobile Telephone Chapter 14 - Spectrum Auctions Chapter 15 - Local Network Competition Chapter 1 Structure, Regulation and Competition in the Telecommunications Industry MARTIN E. CAVE, SUMIT K. MAJUMDAR and INGO VOGELSANG Introduction Economic Characteristics 2.1. Historical Overview 2.2. Network Effects 2.3. Customer Demand 2.4. Econometric Cost Functions 2.5. Representation of Technology and Production Regulation 3.1. Price Regulation 3.2. Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection 3.3. Interconnection Practices 3.4. Universal Service 3.5. Interaction Among Regulatory Institutions Competition 4.1. Competition Policy 4.2. Long Distance Competition 4.3. Mobile Telephone 4.4. Economics of Spectrum Auctions 4.5. Local Network Competition Conclusion References top SECTION I - STRUCTURE Chapter 2 Historical Overview GERALD W. BROCK Introduction Development of Regulated Monopoly Telecommunication 2.1. The Early Telegraph and Telephone Industry 2.2. Regulation and Monopoly The Shrinking Boundary of Regulated Monopoly 3.1. Competition in Customer Premises Equipment 3.2. Competition in Long Distance Service 3.3. The Divestiture Efforts to Develop Interconnected Competition 4.1. The Competitive Unregulated Internet 4.2. The Telecommunications Act f 1996 and Local Telephone Competition Conclusion References top Chapter 3 Network Effects STANLEY J. LIEBOWITZ and STEPHEN E. MARGOLIS Network Externalities Classifications Impacts of Network Effects 3.1. Choosing Network Size 3.2. Choosing Among Competing Networks Features of Modern Network Effects Models The Empirical Importance of Network Effects 5.1. Network Effects in Principle 5.2. Measuring Network Effects Policy Implications Conclusions References top Chapter 4 Customer Demand Analysis LESTER D. TAYLOR Introduction Telecommunications Demand Analysis in the 1970s and 1980s The General Nature of Telecommunications Demand Theoretical Considerations 4.1. A Generic Model of Access Demand 4.2. Models of Toll Demand 4.3. Point-to-Point Toll Demand Empirical Studies 5.1. Studies of Residential Access Demand and Local Usage; Residential Access Demand: Taylor and Kridel, 1990 5.2. Bypass via EAS: Kridel, 1988 5.3. Choice of Class of Local Service: Train, McFadden and Ben Akiva, 1987 5.4. Studies of Toll Demand, Point-to-Point Toll Demand: Larson, Lehman, and Weisman, 1990 5.5. Toll Demand Models Estimated from a Sample of Residential Telephone Bills: Rappoport and Taylor, 1997 5.6. Competitive Own- and Cross-Price Elasticities in the IntraLATA Toll Market: Taylor, 1996 5.7. Two-Stage Budgeting and the Total Bill Effect in Toll Demand: Zona and Jacob, 1990 An Overview of What We Know About Telecommunications Demand Challenges for the Future References top Chapter 5 Econometric Cost Functions MELVYN A. FUSS and LEONARD WAVERMAN Introduction 1.1. Monopoly or Competition 1.2. Regulation and Price-Caps: The Need for Assessing Productivity 1.3. Efficiency Measurement and the Use of Alternative Approaches 1.4. General Comments The Concepts of Economies of Scale, Scope and Subadditivity 2.1. Economies of Scale and Scope Technological Change 3.1. Estimating Marginal Costs 3.2. Revenue Weights versus Cost Weights in Price-Caps Formulas A Selective Review of the Evidence Conclusion Appendix References top Chapter 6 Representation of Technology and Production WILLIAM W. SHARKEY Introduction Network Design Principles 2.1. Telecommunications Network Elements 2.2. The Trade-Off Between Switching and Transmission 2.3. Telecommunications Traffic Theory 2.4. Optimization in the Local Access Network: Minimum Distance and Minimum Cost Networks 2.5. Network Optimization in the Interoffice and Intercity Networks Network Facilities and Technologies 3.1. Wireline Subscriber Access 3.2. Alternative Subscriber Access Technologies 3.3. Switching 3.4. Interoffice Transport Facilities 3.5. Interconnection Arrangements and Costs 3.6. Broadband Standards and Technologies Cost Proxy Models of the Telecommunications Network 4.1. A Brief Survey of Cost Proxy Models in Telecommunications 4.2. The Hybrid Cost Proxy Model 4.3. International Applications of HCPM 4.4. Cost Proxy Models as a Tool for Applied Empirical Analysis Conclusion References top SECTION II - REGULATION Chapter 7 Price Regulation DAVID E. M. SAPPINGTON Introduction Forms of Incentive Regulation 2.1. Banded Rate of Return Regulation 2.2. Earnings Sharing Regulation 2.3. Revenue Sharing Regulation 2.4. Rate Case Moratoria 2.5. Price Cap Regulation 2.6. Partial Deregulation 2.7. Yardstick Regulation 2.8. Options Trends in Incentive Regulation General Issues in the Design and Implementation of Incentive Regulation 4.1. Reasons for Incentive Regulation 4.2. Incentive Regulation in Practice 4.3. Possible Drawbacks to Incentive Regulation Designing Price Cap Regulation 5.1. Setting the X Factor 5.2. Determining the Length of Time Between Reviews 5.3. Mid-Stream Corrections: Z Factors 5.4. Implementing the Price Cap Constraint 5.5. The Price Cap Constraint in Practice 5.6. Additional Restrictions on Individual Price Levels 5.7. The Number of Baskets 5.8. Service Quality 5.9. Conclusion Hybrid Regulatory Plans 6.1. Earnings Sharing Plans 6.2. Revenue Sharing Plans 6.3. Regulatory Options 6.4. Conclusions The Impact of Incentive Regulation 7.1. Prices 7.2. Operating Costs 7.3. Network Modernisation 7.4. Total Factor Productivity 7.5. Earnings 7.6. Service Quality 7.7. Universal Service 7.8. Summary Conclusions References top Chapter 8 The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection MARK ARMSTRONG Introduction One Way Access Pricing 2.1. The Effect f Unbalanced Retail Tariffs 2.2. The Problem of Foreclosure in an Unregulated Market 2.3. Fixed Retail Prices with No Bypass: The ECPR 2.4. Fixed Retail Prices and Bypass 2.5. Ramsey Pricing 2.6. Unregulated Retail Prices 2.7. Introducing Dynamic Issues 2.8. Controversies and Conclusions Competitive Bottlenecks 3.1. Mobile Call Termination 3.2. Access Charges for the Internet Two Way Access Pricing and Network Interconnection 4.1. Fixed Subscriber Bases: International Call Termination 4.2. Interconnection with Competition for Subscribers Conclusion: Instruments and Objectives References top Chapter 9 Interconnection Practices ELI M. NOAM Interconnection as the key policy tool of telecommunications 1.1. Why regulate interconnection 1.2. Regulation of interconnection and unbundling in a competitive market Interconnection as a tool for the creation of monopoly: the U.S. experience Interconnection as a tool for competitive entry 3.1. Reforming access charges Interconnection as a tool for protecting competition 4.1. Local competition 4.2. Unbundling 4.3. Quality 4.4. Cable television interconnection 4.5. Mobile interconnection 4.6. Internet interconnection Pricing and pricing wars 5.1. Regulated pricing of interconnection 5.2. Arbitrage 5.3. Incremental cost Interconnection around the world Interconnection and common carriage The future of regulation of interconnection References top Chapter 10 Universal Residential Telephone Service MICHAEL H. RIORDAN Introduction Telephone Penetration in the United States Normative Economics of Universal Service 3.1. Price distortions 3.2. Scale economies 3.3. Network externalities 3.4. Third degree price discrimination 3.5. Second degree price discrimination Positive Economics of Universal Service 4.1. Cross-subsidies in the price structure? 4.2. Low income subsidies 4.3. High cost subsidies Conclusions Appendix: Variable Definitions and Summary Statistics for Table 1 6.1. Census data 6.2. Climate data 6.3. Cost data 6.4. Summary statistics References top SECTION III - COMPETITION Chapter 11 Competition Policy in Telecommunications DANIEL F. SPULBER Introduction Monopolisation 2.1. Monopolisation 2.2. Predatory Pricing and Raising Rivals’ Costs 2.3. Natural Monopoly 2.4. Market Power Leveraging 3.1. Essential Facilities 3.2. Barriers to Entry 3.3. Tying 3.4. Cross Subsidisation Mergers Conclusion References top Chapter 12 Competition in the Long Distance Market DAVID L. KASERMAN and OHN W. MAYO Introduction Structure – Conduct-Performance 2.1. Structure 2.2. Conduct 2.3. Performance 2.4. Summary Empirical Analysis of Relaxed Regulation The Access Charge Pass Through Debate 4.1. Theoretical Issues 4.2. Empirical Analyses 4.3. Summary NEIO Studies 5.1. Residual Demand Studies 5.2. Conjectural Variation Studies 5.3. An Alternative Test for Tacit Collusion Competition for International Calling Conclusion References top Chapter 13 Mobile Telephone JERRY HAUSMAN Introduction Description of the Mobile Industry 2.1. Technology 2.2. Competing Firms and Countries 2.3. Government Frequency Allocation International Comparisons 3.1. Performance Across Countries 3.2. Pricing Within the U.S. 3.3. Pricing in Europe Increased Consumer Welfare from Mobile Telephone 4.1. Economic Theory to Measure Increased Consumer Welfare 4.2. Estimation of the Amount of Increased Consumer Welfare 4.3. Estimation of a Corrected Telecommunications Service CPI Government Regulation of Mobile Telephone 5.1. Estimation of the Cost of Regulatory Delay in the U.S. 5.2. Regulation of Mobile Prices 5.3. Regulation of Mobile Access and Mandated Roaming 5.4. Regulation of Wireline Call Termination on Mobile Taxation of Mobile Services 6.1. Estimation of Economic Efficiency Losses 6.2. Comparison with Alternative Taxes Conclusion References top Chapter 14 Spectrum Auctions PETER CRAMTON Introduction Why Auction the Spectrum? Auction Design 3.1. Open Bidding is Better than a Single Sealed Bid 3.2. Simultaneous Open Bidding is Better than Sequential Auctions 3.3. Package Bids Are Too Complex 3.4. Other Issues Simultaneous Ascending Auction Demand Reduction and Collusive Bidding Lessons Learned and Auction Enhancements Package Bidding UMTS Auctions in Europe and Asia Advice to Governments 9.1. Allocating the Spectrum is just as Important as its Assignment 9.2. Use Care When Modifying Successful Rules 9.3. Allow Discretion in Setting Auction Parameters 9.4. Reduce the Effectiveness of Bidders’ Revenue-Reducing Strategies 9.5. Use Spectrum Caps to Limit Anticompetitive Concentration 9.6. Implement Special Treatment for Designated Entities with Care 9.7. Implementing an Effective Auction: Time and Difficult Tradeoffs 9.8. Facilitate Efficient Clearing When Auctioning Encumbered Spectrum 9.9. Promote Market-Based Tests in Spectrum Management Conclusion References top Chapter 15 Local Network Competition GLENN A. WOROCH Introduction 1.1. Scope and objectives of this chapter 1.2. Patterns and themes Local Network Competition in Historical Perspective 2.1. Local competition in one city, a century apart 2.2. U.S. experience with local competition and monopoly 2.3. The experience abroad Economic Conditions of Local Network Competition 3.1. Defining local services and markets 3.2. Demand for local network services 3.3. Cost of local service and technical change The Structure and Regulation of the Local Network Industry 4.1. Structure of the U.S. local exchange industry 4.2. Regulation of local network competition Strategic Modelling of Local Network Competition 5.1. Causes and consequences of local network competition 5.2. Strategic choices of local network entrants 5.3. Strategic models of local network competition 5.4. Entry barriers Empirical Evidenceon Local Network Competition Wireless Local Competition 7.1. Wireless communications technologies 7.2. Wireless services as wireline competitors 7.3. Structure of the wireless industry 7.4. An assessment of the wireless threat The Future of Local Competition References Subject Index
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作者:beauty001 时间:2005-1-8 18:14:00第 2 楼
HANDBOOK OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS ECONOMICS CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1 Chapter 1 - Structure, Regulation and Competition in the Telecommunications Industry Chapter 2 - Historical Overview Chapter 3 - Network Effects Chapter 4 - Customer Demand Analysis Chapter 5 - Econometric Cost Functions Chapter 6 - Representation of Technology and Production Chapter 7 - Price Regulation Chapter 8 - The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection Chapter 9 - Interconnection Practices Chapter 10 - Universal Residential Telephone Service Chapter 11 - Competition Policy in Telecommunications Chapter 12 - Competition in the Long Distance Market Chapter 13 - Mobile Telephone Chapter 14 - Spectrum Auctions Chapter 15 - Local Network Competition Chapter 1 Structure, Regulation and Competition in the Telecommunications Industry MARTIN E. CAVE, SUMIT K. MAJUMDAR and INGO VOGELSANG Introduction Economic Characteristics 2.1. Historical Overview 2.2. Network Effects 2.3. Customer Demand 2.4. Econometric Cost Functions 2.5. Representation of Technology and Production Regulation 3.1. Price Regulation 3.2. Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection 3.3. Interconnection Practices 3.4. Universal Service 3.5. Interaction Among Regulatory Institutions Competition 4.1. Competition Policy 4.2. Long Distance Competition 4.3. Mobile Telephone 4.4. Economics of Spectrum Auctions 4.5. Local Network Competition Conclusion References top SECTION I - STRUCTURE Chapter 2 Historical Overview GERALD W. BROCK Introduction Development of Regulated Monopoly Telecommunication 2.1. The Early Telegraph and Telephone Industry 2.2. Regulation and Monopoly The Shrinking Boundary of Regulated Monopoly 3.1. Competition in Customer Premises Equipment 3.2. Competition in Long Distance Service 3.3. The Divestiture Efforts to Develop Interconnected Competition 4.1. The Competitive Unregulated Internet 4.2. The Telecommunications Act f 1996 and Local Telephone Competition Conclusion References top Chapter 3 Network Effects STANLEY J. LIEBOWITZ and STEPHEN E. MARGOLIS Network Externalities Classifications Impacts of Network Effects 3.1. Choosing Network Size 3.2. Choosing Among Competing Networks Features of Modern Network Effects Models The Empirical Importance of Network Effects 5.1. Network Effects in Principle 5.2. Measuring Network Effects Policy Implications Conclusions References top Chapter 4 Customer Demand Analysis LESTER D. TAYLOR Introduction Telecommunications Demand Analysis in the 1970s and 1980s The General Nature of Telecommunications Demand Theoretical Considerations 4.1. A Generic Model of Access Demand 4.2. Models of Toll Demand 4.3. Point-to-Point Toll Demand Empirical Studies 5.1. Studies of Residential Access Demand and Local Usage; Residential Access Demand: Taylor and Kridel, 1990 5.2. Bypass via EAS: Kridel, 1988 5.3. Choice of Class of Local Service: Train, McFadden and Ben Akiva, 1987 5.4. Studies of Toll Demand, Point-to-Point Toll Demand: Larson, Lehman, and Weisman, 1990 5.5. Toll Demand Models Estimated from a Sample of Residential Telephone Bills: Rappoport and Taylor, 1997 5.6. Competitive Own- and Cross-Price Elasticities in the IntraLATA Toll Market: Taylor, 1996 5.7. Two-Stage Budgeting and the Total Bill Effect in Toll Demand: Zona and Jacob, 1990 An Overview of What We Know About Telecommunications Demand Challenges for the Future References top Chapter 5 Econometric Cost Functions MELVYN A. FUSS and LEONARD WAVERMAN Introduction 1.1. Monopoly or Competition 1.2. Regulation and Price-Caps: The Need for Assessing Productivity 1.3. Efficiency Measurement and the Use of Alternative Approaches 1.4. General Comments The Concepts of Economies of Scale, Scope and Subadditivity 2.1. Economies of Scale and Scope Technological Change 3.1. Estimating Marginal Costs 3.2. Revenue Weights versus Cost Weights in Price-Caps Formulas A Selective Review of the Evidence Conclusion Appendix References top Chapter 6 Representation of Technology and Production WILLIAM W. SHARKEY Introduction Network Design Principles 2.1. Telecommunications Network Elements 2.2. The Trade-Off Between Switching and Transmission 2.3. Telecommunications Traffic Theory 2.4. Optimization in the Local Access Network: Minimum Distance and Minimum Cost Networks 2.5. Network Optimization in the Interoffice and Intercity Networks Network Facilities and Technologies 3.1. Wireline Subscriber Access 3.2. Alternative Subscriber Access Technologies 3.3. Switching 3.4. Interoffice Transport Facilities 3.5. Interconnection Arrangements and Costs 3.6. Broadband Standards and Technologies Cost Proxy Models of the Telecommunications Network 4.1. A Brief Survey of Cost Proxy Models in Telecommunications 4.2. The Hybrid Cost Proxy Model 4.3. International Applications of HCPM 4.4. Cost Proxy Models as a Tool for Applied Empirical Analysis Conclusion References top SECTION II - REGULATION Chapter 7 Price Regulation DAVID E. M. SAPPINGTON Introduction Forms of Incentive Regulation 2.1. Banded Rate of Return Regulation 2.2. Earnings Sharing Regulation 2.3. Revenue Sharing Regulation 2.4. Rate Case Moratoria 2.5. Price Cap Regulation 2.6. Partial Deregulation 2.7. Yardstick Regulation 2.8. Options Trends in Incentive Regulation General Issues in the Design and Implementation of Incentive Regulation 4.1. Reasons for Incentive Regulation 4.2. Incentive Regulation in Practice 4.3. Possible Drawbacks to Incentive Regulation Designing Price Cap Regulation 5.1. Setting the X Factor 5.2. Determining the Length of Time Between Reviews 5.3. Mid-Stream Corrections: Z Factors 5.4. Implementing the Price Cap Constraint 5.5. The Price Cap Constraint in Practice 5.6. Additional Restrictions on Individual Price Levels 5.7. The Number of Baskets 5.8. Service Quality 5.9. Conclusion Hybrid Regulatory Plans 6.1. Earnings Sharing Plans 6.2. Revenue Sharing Plans 6.3. Regulatory Options 6.4. Conclusions The Impact of Incentive Regulation 7.1. Prices 7.2. Operating Costs 7.3. Network Modernisation 7.4. Total Factor Productivity 7.5. Earnings 7.6. Service Quality 7.7. Universal Service 7.8. Summary Conclusions References top Chapter 8 The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection MARK ARMSTRONG Introduction One Way Access Pricing 2.1. The Effect f Unbalanced Retail Tariffs 2.2. The Problem of Foreclosure in an Unregulated Market 2.3. Fixed Retail Prices with No Bypass: The ECPR 2.4. Fixed Retail Prices and Bypass 2.5. Ramsey Pricing 2.6. Unregulated Retail Prices 2.7. Introducing Dynamic Issues 2.8. Controversies and Conclusions Competitive Bottlenecks 3.1. Mobile Call Termination 3.2. Access Charges for the Internet Two Way Access Pricing and Network Interconnection 4.1. Fixed Subscriber Bases: International Call Termination 4.2. Interconnection with Competition for Subscribers Conclusion: Instruments and Objectives References top Chapter 9 Interconnection Practices ELI M. NOAM Interconnection as the key policy tool of telecommunications 1.1. Why regulate interconnection 1.2. Regulation of interconnection and unbundling in a competitive market Interconnection as a tool for the creation of monopoly: the U.S. experience Interconnection as a tool for competitive entry 3.1. Reforming access charges Interconnection as a tool for protecting competition 4.1. Local competition 4.2. Unbundling 4.3. Quality 4.4. Cable television interconnection 4.5. Mobile interconnection 4.6. Internet interconnection Pricing and pricing wars 5.1. Regulated pricing of interconnection 5.2. Arbitrage 5.3. Incremental cost Interconnection around the world Interconnection and common carriage The future of regulation of interconnection References top Chapter 10 Universal Residential Telephone Service MICHAEL H. RIORDAN Introduction Telephone Penetration in the United States Normative Economics of Universal Service 3.1. Price distortions 3.2. Scale economies 3.3. Network externalities 3.4. Third degree price discrimination 3.5. Second degree price discrimination Positive Economics of Universal Service 4.1. Cross-subsidies in the price structure? 4.2. Low income subsidies 4.3. High cost subsidies Conclusions Appendix: Variable Definitions and Summary Statistics for Table 1 6.1. Census data 6.2. Climate data 6.3. Cost data 6.4. Summary statistics References top SECTION III - COMPETITION Chapter 11 Competition Policy in Telecommunications DANIEL F. SPULBER Introduction Monopolisation 2.1. Monopolisation 2.2. Predatory Pricing and Raising Rivals’ Costs 2.3. Natural Monopoly 2.4. Market Power Leveraging 3.1. Essential Facilities 3.2. Barriers to Entry 3.3. Tying 3.4. Cross Subsidisation Mergers Conclusion References top Chapter 12 Competition in the Long Distance Market DAVID L. KASERMAN and OHN W. MAYO Introduction Structure – Conduct-Performance 2.1. Structure 2.2. Conduct 2.3. Performance 2.4. Summary Empirical Analysis of Relaxed Regulation The Access Charge Pass Through Debate 4.1. Theoretical Issues 4.2. Empirical Analyses 4.3. Summary NEIO Studies 5.1. Residual Demand Studies 5.2. Conjectural Variation Studies 5.3. An Alternative Test for Tacit Collusion Competition for International Calling Conclusion References top Chapter 13 Mobile Telephone JERRY HAUSMAN Introduction Description of the Mobile Industry 2.1. Technology 2.2. Competing Firms and Countries 2.3. Government Frequency Allocation International Comparisons 3.1. Performance Across Countries 3.2. Pricing Within the U.S. 3.3. Pricing in Europe Increased Consumer Welfare from Mobile Telephone 4.1. Economic Theory to Measure Increased Consumer Welfare 4.2. Estimation of the Amount of Increased Consumer Welfare 4.3. Estimation of a Corrected Telecommunications Service CPI Government Regulation of Mobile Telephone 5.1. Estimation of the Cost of Regulatory Delay in the U.S. 5.2. Regulation of Mobile Prices 5.3. Regulation of Mobile Access and Mandated Roaming 5.4. Regulation of Wireline Call Termination on Mobile Taxation of Mobile Services 6.1. Estimation of Economic Efficiency Losses 6.2. Comparison with Alternative Taxes Conclusion References top Chapter 14 Spectrum Auctions PETER CRAMTON Introduction Why Auction the Spectrum? Auction Design 3.1. Open Bidding is Better than a Single Sealed Bid 3.2. Simultaneous Open Bidding is Better than Sequential Auctions 3.3. Package Bids Are Too Complex 3.4. Other Issues Simultaneous Ascending Auction Demand Reduction and Collusive Bidding Lessons Learned and Auction Enhancements Package Bidding UMTS Auctions in Europe and Asia Advice to Governments 9.1. Allocating the Spectrum is just as Important as its Assignment 9.2. Use Care When Modifying Successful Rules 9.3. Allow Discretion in Setting Auction Parameters 9.4. Reduce the Effectiveness of Bidders’ Revenue-Reducing Strategies 9.5. Use Spectrum Caps to Limit Anticompetitive Concentration 9.6. Implement Special Treatment for Designated Entities with Care 9.7. Implementing an Effective Auction: Time and Difficult Tradeoffs 9.8. Facilitate Efficient Clearing When Auctioning Encumbered Spectrum 9.9. Promote Market-Based Tests in Spectrum Management Conclusion References top Chapter 15 Local Network Competition GLENN A. WOROCH Introduction 1.1. Scope and objectives of this chapter 1.2. Patterns and themes Local Network Competition in Historical Perspective 2.1. Local competition in one city, a century apart 2.2. U.S. experience with local competition and monopoly 2.3. The experience abroad Economic Conditions of Local Network Competition 3.1. Defining local services and markets 3.2. Demand for local network services 3.3. Cost of local service and technical change The Structure and Regulation of the Local Network Industry 4.1. Structure of the U.S. local exchange industry 4.2. Regulation of local network competition Strategic Modelling of Local Network Competition 5.1. Causes and consequences of local network competition 5.2. Strategic choices of local network entrants 5.3. Strategic models of local network competition 5.4. Entry barriers Empirical Evidenceon Local Network Competition Wireless Local Competition 7.1. Wireless communications technologies 7.2. Wireless services as wireline competitors 7.3. Structure of the wireless industry 7.4. An assessment of the wireless threat The Future of Local Competition References Subject Index
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Handbook of Telecommunication Economics INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES The last two decades have seen exceptionally fast rates of change in every aspect of the telecommunications industry. These include major technology changes and the convergence of the broadcasting, information technology and telecommunications industries. The earlier view of telecommunications as a natural monopoly has now given way to one in which almost all parts are susceptible to some form of competition. Simultaneously, market structure has changed through the replacement of the former monopolistic, vertically integrated telephone companies by a variety of competing firms. These developments have been accompanied by major legislative and regulatory developments, including the passing in the United States of the 1996 Telecommunications Act and the introduction of a large number of new laws and regulations in Europe and elsewhere. The same changes have seen a massive expansion of independent regulatory agencies. The Handbook in Telecommunications Economics provides detailed reviews and commentaries on these contemporary changes in the landscape of a major industry from an academic perspective, yet in an analytical manner that will be appreciated by a wide audience of academics and professionals with an interest in the telecommunications industry. Volume 1. Structure, Regulation and Competition The contents of volume 1 are set out in three main sections. The chapters in section one deal with the economic characteristics of the sector, which define the industry's structure. Sections two and three deal respectively with regulation and competition. Regulatory and competition issues continuously interact with each other, as each set of issues influences the other. The industry continues to evolve through the interaction of the various processes. Volume 1 aims to provide an integrated set of concepts, evidence and facts that will enable the reader to understand this process Volume 2. Technology Evolution and the Internet (forthcoming 2003) Volume 2 will highlight the economic consequences of the evolution of communications technologies beyond the basic copper fixed-line telephony infrastructure that was covered in Volume 1. The book will be structured in four sections dealing with the conceptual issues raised by technology development (1), the evolution of alternatives to traditional telephone networks (2), the internet (3) and finally the impact on the institutional environment (4).
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用手机上的，不方便打啊
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