什么是主语从句?
二、主语从句例句:
1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
2. Who will go to the concert is not known.
3. That she was chosen made us very happy.
4. Whether she will come or not is still a question.
5. Which book they will choose is still unknown.
6. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
7. It’s strange that he knows nothing about it.
8. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
9. It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
三、主语从句的引导词
主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。
1. that引导
That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。
That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。
That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上,在她村 子里引起很大轰动。
2. whether引导
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
3. 连接代词引导
Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。
4. 连接副词引导
When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。
How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
5. 关系代词型what引导
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
What’s done is done. 事已成定局。
What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。
What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。
What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。
What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。
What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。
What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。
四、主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。
It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。
It’s vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。
It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。
It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。
It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。
It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。
It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。
It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。
It’s unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求,这是不可思议的。
That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。
(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害,还得看看再说。
(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如:
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可将助用形式主语。如:
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
(4) 如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?
五、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
您好,英语的从句结构最简单的解释,就是当一个单词无法满足一个句子成分而需要用到一个句子时,就是从句结构了。而这个句子替代了原来句子的那个成分就是那种从句了。所以:
1)主语从句 = 一个句子替代了主句(主语)成分的位置,就是主语从句;
2)宾语从句 = 一个句子替代了主句(宾语)成分的位置,就是宾语从句;
3)表语从句 = 一个句子替代了主句(表语)成分的位置,就是表语从句。
以此类推,就有同位语从句(可以是主语同位、表语同位,或是宾语同位)、定语从句(替代定语),和不同类型的状语从句(替代状语)。
而当从句结构出现时,就需要有(引导词),而主语从句有很多种引导词可以使用,基本上可以分成3大类:
1)从属连词,比如 that,if, whether;
2)连接代词:比如 what,who,which;
3)连接副词:比如 where,why,how;
使用那种引导词需要看在从句中缺少什么成分,再由引导词替代缺少的成分;假如不缺少任何成分,就用从属连词 that,if,whether。比如主语从句中缺少主语、宾语,或是表语,可以用 what,who,which,但替代的是人还是物;假如缺少状语,就可以用 where,why,how 等补足成分。比如:
1)What you have asked is difficult for me to answer.(你问的对我来说很难回答。)
(句子结构是【主系表】,what you have asked 是由 what 引导的【主语从句】而 what 在从句中充当宾语)
2)How to do it is unkown.(如何做并不知道。)
(句子结构是【主系表】,how to do it 是由 how 引导的【主语从句】,how 在从句中充当方式状语,也就是【如何……】的意思)
3)Whether he is coming or not is not told.(他来不来并没有说。)
(句子结构是【主系表】,whether he is coming or not 是由 whether 引导的【主语从句】,从句中不缺成分,因为主谓到期,come 是不及物动词,所以用 whether。)
4)Who is smarter should be decided by the competition.(谁更聪明应该有比赛结果决定。)
(句子结构是【主谓宾】,who is smarter 是由 who 引导的【主语从句】,从句中缺主语,所以 who 充当主语从句的主语。)
主语从句的另一种模式,就是使用了(形式主语)的结构,主要是避免句子出现头重脚轻的情况。比如:
It is not known who broke the window.
(it 是形式主语,who broke the window 才是真正的主语,由 who 引导的主语从句,而 who 在从句中充当主语。还原正常的语序是 Who broke the window is not known. 但会发现主语有4个单词,表示句子的重心在句首,为了避免这种情况,就会采取形式主语句型,把重心放到句中或是句末了。)
希望这样的简单解析可以帮到您。