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The delay caused by the Spartans allowed Athens to be vacated. Encountering the deserted city, in an uncharacteristic fit of rage particularly for Persian kings, Xerxes had Athens burned. He almost immediately regretted this action and ordered it rebuilt the very next day. Unfortunately the damage was done and he considered this his only mistake in his military career. At Artemisium, large storms had destroyed ships from the Greek side and so the battle stopped prematurely as the Greeks received news of the defeat at Thermopylae and retreated. Xerxes was induced by the message of Themistocles (against the advice of Artemisia of Halicarnassus) to attack the Greek fleet under unfavourable conditions, rather than sending a part of his ships to the Peloponnesus and awaiting the dissolution of the Greek armies. The Battle of Salamis (September 29, 480 BC) was won by the Athenians. Although the loss was a setback, it was not a disaster and Xerxes set up a winter camp in Thessaly. Due to unrest in Babylon, Xerxes was forced to send his army home to prevent a revolt, leaving behind an army in Greece under Mardonius, who was defeated the following year at Plataea.[7] The Greeks also attacked and burned the remaining Persian fleet anchored at Mycale. This cut off the Persians from the supplies they needed to sustain their massive army, and they had no choice but to retreat. Their withdrawal roused the Greek city-states of Asia.

Answer 1

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斯巴达人的耽搁让雅典有机会撤退。面对废弃的空城，斯巴达国王赛瑟斯很罕见地发了怒，下令将雅典烧毁。但烧城后他几乎马上后悔自己的决定，在隔天又下令重建雅典。但不幸的是破坏已经造成，他将此视为自己军事生涯上唯一所犯的错误。

在阿耳特弥斯，大规模的暴风雨摧毁了西腊船只，让战争长期停滞下来，因为西腊得到温泉关己战败且已经撤退的消息。赛瑟斯听信特米斯托克洛斯的消息（哈利卡纳苏斯城的阿尔特米西亚提出反对忠告），在不利的条件下去攻击西腊船舰，而未派遣他一部份船只到伯罗奔尼萨斯半岛，等待西腊军队自行瓦解。结果由雅期人嬴得沙拉密斯岛这场战役（西元前480, 9月29日）。这场战役对赛瑟斯来说是个挫败，但还算不上是场灾难，所以他在塞萨利设立起冬令军营。由於巴比伦发生动乱，赛瑟斯被迫必须派遣军队去阻止暴动发生，以致他无瑕顾及马当纳斯在西腊所统领的一团军队；马当纳斯隔年在普拉蒂亚被击败。西腊人不只攻击米卡勒所残留的波斯舰队，而且将之烧毁。此举切断了波斯人用来维持庞大军队的粮援，因此波斯人最后只得撤退。他们的撤退促成了亚洲西腊城邦的兴起。