浅谈美国LLM专业
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LLM是近两年最热门的留学专业，高就业率、高工资、优良的工作环境及优越的社会地位是促使LLM专业走红的重要因素，而作为全世界的金融中心的美国, 它的LLM专业自然也是全世界学生报读的热门,中国也就出现了越来越多的学生转学分去读这个专业了，在这里给大家简单介绍一下该专业的相关信息。
LLM是英文Master of Law的简写，译为法学硕士。美国LLM专业的主要教学内容是对美国基本法律制度和法律体系的简要介绍，偏重于法律理论知识的学习。美国不同大学开设的 LLM专业不同，但一般分为两种：Generalized Studies和 Specialized Studies。一般大学只开设前者，也就是对美国法律的总体介绍;少数大学还会特别开设后者，包括如环境法、比较法、公司法、破产法、知识产权保护法等多种专业法律的研究课程，申请人可以根据自己的兴趣选择相应的专业进行申请。
美国大学LLM专业一般只需要1年学习时间(部分大学是9个月)，修完完4到8门专业课程并完成论文。然而，LLM专业的学费也相对较贵，大部分学校的学费在4-5W美元之间，加上生活费一般会在6W美元左右。
美国大学LLM专业不需要GRE/GMAT，也不需要LSAT成绩，因为可以说的标准化考试就是TOEFL成绩。由于专业本身的特性，大部分LLM专业的TOEFL录取最低要求都是100分(部分学校还有单项要求)，而xx大法律学院的平均录取分数更是在110分左右。
另外，GPA是录取的另一个可以量化的标准，一般申请者的GPA在3.5左右，而很多顶尖法学院录取平均GPA更是达到3.6-3.8之间，竞争十分激烈。除了标准化成绩，各种相关经历也不可或缺。法院、检察院、律所的相关实习经历，各种社会调查和实践，法律援助活动，法律学术交流活动等等都作为大学评判申请者的标准。由于每位申请者的经历和关注点各不相同，我们建议申请人根据自己的特点选择申请切入点，有条理由选择地规划自己的申请，避免千篇一律。
LLM的出路主要有三条：
第一，回中国作律师。这个是大多数LLM的选择。有工作经验的律师通常还是会回国，因为在国内有了一定的经济基础或家庭。而没有工作经验的LLM在美国更加找不到工作，所以还是要回来。
第二，在美国找到工作或一年的internship。但根据以往LLM的说法是‘it is extremely difficult to find a job offer, especially those who will support yourJ-1visa’.LLM在美国找到工作是很难的，难到什么程度？根据UPenn career office的统计，在过去6年（05年之前）LLM的班级中，成功找到工作的人仅15％，最差的xx届，只有3个人找到工作。虽然各校情况存在差异性，但基本上“找工作”很难，尤其是对没有经验、直接去读LLM的人来说。即使在那些找到工作的人群里面，很大一部分是在国内外所有工作经验，和该外所的美国分所事先有协议，在那里工作或实习一段时间。所以，如果你是一个本科生，基本上要做最坏的打算：找不到工作，可能考完Bar就要回来。同样，intern也是很难很难的。
第三，LLM转JD。因此，很多本科生出去，在迫于无奈之下决定做更大的风险投资，就是转JD。一些学校，比如Columbia，Cornell，和UPenn都允许成绩优秀的LLM转成JD。但一些学校，比如NYU，是不允许的。
在这里给大家推荐几所近年来申请LLM的热门学校：
宾州州立大学
注册学生 University Park 3328名全日制学生；GA校区 1000名
地址 麦基斯波特市McKeesport ALLEGHENY
所属州 宾夕法尼亚州 PA
毗邻城市 匹兹堡Pittsburgh
学校性质 公立
创立时间 1855年
校园环境 市郊
专业介绍
LL.M. Program
Master of Laws
Penn State Law trains international lawyers for the global marketplace. For more than forty years, LL.M. students from around the world have come to the Law School to advance their careers by studying with our distinguished faculty. Profiles of several students can be found here.
The master of laws program is a 24-credit, one academic year course of study open to individuals who hold a degree in law from an accredited institution outside of the United States. Unique program benefits include:
internationally renowned faculty scholars in key areas of U.S., international and transnational law, and other specialized fields of study
experienced faculty advisors who provide personalized guidance on course selection and career options
the ability to design a course of study that meets individual career goals
opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration and study with Penn State's School of International Affairs
a practitioner-focused writing and research curriculum especially designed for LL.M. students
an intensive ten-day orientation program
an optional, intensive summer course in legal English communication
regular interaction with J.D. students through shared classroom experiences, a J.D./LL.M. mentoring program, and professionally oriented student activities, including the International Law Society
access to Career Services resources that can assist students with identifying internship and job opportunities
学院介绍
Penn State Law offers a J.D. degree, an LL.M. degree for foreign-trained lawyers, and opportunities for interdisciplinary study with other Penn State graduate programs, including the School of International Affairs. Students can consult with the Academic Affairs Office to develop a course of study appropriate for their career goals.
费用
Tuition* $35,928
入学要求及专业设置
The Penn State Law LL.M. is a one-year program in which LL.M. candidates must complete a minimum of 24 credit hours of course work. The LL.M. is designed to provide lawyers trained outside of the United States with an understanding of the American legal system that will enhance their legal career.
Foreign-trained LL.M. students are required to take the following two courses:
Introduction to the United States Legal System — this course instructs students in American legal analysis and discourse. In addition to providing students with an overview of the U.S. legal system, the course helps students develop skills in three fundamental areas of United States legal practice: (1) common law legal analysis, (2) case law research, and (3) effective communication of legal analysis.
One case analysis course from the following list:
Civil Procedure
Constitutional Law I
Contracts
Criminal Law
Criminal Procedure
Property
Torts
LL.M. students at Penn State Law work with experienced faculty members to develop a course of study that supports their individual career goals. LL.M. students can enroll in courses available to Penn State J.D. students and share classes with J.D. students. Penn State Law's rich curriculum affords LL.M. candidates the opportunity to enroll in a variety of diverse courses or to concentrate their studies in any one of the specialized fields of study. The most popular fields among our LL.M. candidates include:
Business Law
Arbitration, Mediation and Negotiation
International and Transnational Law
Antitrust
俄亥俄州立大学
俄亥俄州立大学(简称OSU)是一所四年制公立大学，成立于1870年，由五所成员大学组成。其中位于哥伦布的学院，获评“全美229所大学”之一。据《纽约时报大学指南》指出，大学的学科有会计、化学、经济、教育、地理、工业设计、外文、物理、政治科学和工程。学生选修最多的学科，依次是商科管理(19%)、工程(10%)、社会科学(9%)、教育(9%)、大众传播(9%)。前一两年有15,076人报考，共12,660人获录取。
专业介绍
Master of Laws (LL.M.)
See More Videos at Moritz's YouTube Channel
The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law Master of Laws (LL.M.) Program is designed for foreign lawyers who wish to advance their legal education in a stimulating academic environment. The College offers the dual advantages of a highly-regarded law curriculum at a major U.S. university and an LL.M. program of limited size that allows for individualized attention and support.
Two of the program’s primary goals are to immerse foreign lawyers in a year of U.S. legal education and to foster interaction between American J.D. students and the LL.M. students. In large part this is accomplished by integrating the LL.M students into the J.D. curriculum, ensuring that both groups will benefit from the interaction and graduate from their respective programs well prepared to participate in an increasingly globalized world.
Moritz also offers a rich selection of student activities outside the classroom where LL.M. students may participate in the life of the College.
Ohio State’s LL.M. program offers students an opportunity to select their courses from a rich and diverse curriculum. Students may choose a generalized study of U.S. law or may tailor their courses to fit specialized interests and career objectives. Students have an option to elect a concentration in Business Law, Criminal Law and Procedure, Intellectual Property and Information Law, International and Comparative Law, Labor and Employment Law, or Alternative Dispute Resolution, or they may design a customized concentration.
费用
$39,274
入学要求
The LL.M. program is limited to students who have:
obtained an LL.B. from a foreign country; or
completed in a foreign country the university-based legal education required to take the equivalent of the bar examination in that foreign country; or
qualified to practice law in a foreign country; or
the equivalent thereof as determined by the LL.M. Admissions Committee.
Minimum Acceptable Scores
TOEFL: 600 paper based; 250 computer based; 100 ibT
IELTS: 7.5
纽约大学
(New York University, 简称 NYU) ，成立于 1831 年，是全美的私立大学之一；也是美国一座坐落于纽约心脏地带的。所设课程压力不大，但要求甚高，学生称其 “not high pressure, but demanding” 。而31名诺贝尔奖得主更是使纽约大学光芒四射，享誉世界。
其研究生院的学术水准甚高，尤其是其法学院，一直处于上升态势，在2007年位列《美国新闻与世界报道》（U.S. News and World Report） 全美第五名。其商学院亦是蜚声全美，金融，营销等专业在2007年度《商业周刊》（BusinessWeek），《经济学家》（The Economist），《金融时报》（Financial Times）等众多排名中皆位列前10。
专业介绍
Flexibility. In most semesters, more than a dozen different online courses are offered, ranging from Taxation of Mergers & Acquisitions to Tax Policy. Students can customize classwork around their schedules, watching their class on video at any time that is convenient. Even final exams can be completed on a computer in your home or office by using a video proctoring device. Students can complete the entire degree by participating in online courses, though they are welcome to take classes on campus in Greenwich Village as well.
Interactivity. Executive LL.M. students have direct access to their professors through online discussion boards, e-mail and telephone conversations. And even though Executive LL.M. students are not physically on campus, they can keep up with all that goes on at Washington Square by watching videos of our many panels and programs.
High Quality Technology. Online courses are offered in high-resolution video, using the same technology that popular video-on-demand services use to deliver movies. Each course is recorded by multiple live camera operators and a director, not by a fixed camera at the back of the room. Most professors use a “smart tablet” that displays the professor’s handwriting electronically in a separate window in each course video.
入学要求：
Most of the students in the Executive LL.M. program are experienced attorneys who are located outside of the New York region. Current students include attorneys who work at law firms, accounting firms and in-house at corporations. They practice across the United States, as well as in Europe and Asia.
Admission to the Executive LL.M program is highly selective. Executive LL.M. students must meet the same admission standard as our on-campus students. To apply, you must hold a first degree in law (J.D. or LL.B.) from a law school that is approved by the Section of Legal Education of the American Bar Association or a bachelor of law degree from a non-U.S. law school approved by its foreign equivalent. For more information on application requirements, please visit our How to Apply page. If you would like to discuss which of our tax programs best suits your needs, please contact us.
Students have up to five years to complete the 24 credits needed to receive a degree.
LLM是近两年最热门的留学专业，高就业率、高工资、优良的工作环境及优越的社会地位是促使LLM专业走红的重要因素，而作为全世界的金融中心的美国, 它的LLM专业自然也是全世界学生报读的热门,中国也就出现了越来越多的学生转学分去读这个专业了，在这里给大家简单介绍一下该专业的相关信息。
LLM是英文Master of Law的简写，译为法学硕士。美国LLM专业的主要教学内容是对美国基本法律制度和法律体系的简要介绍，偏重于法律理论知识的学习。美国不同大学开设的 LLM专业不同，但一般分为两种：Generalized Studies和 Specialized Studies。一般大学只开设前者，也就是对美国法律的总体介绍;少数大学还会特别开设后者，包括如环境法、比较法、公司法、破产法、知识产权保护法等多种专业法律的研究课程，申请人可以根据自己的兴趣选择相应的专业进行申请。
美国大学LLM专业一般只需要1年学习时间(部分大学是9个月)，修完完4到8门专业课程并完成论文。然而，LLM专业的学费也相对较贵，大部分学校的学费在4-5W美元之间，加上生活费一般会在6W美元左右。
美国大学LLM专业不需要GRE/GMAT，也不需要LSAT成绩，因为可以说的标准化考试就是TOEFL成绩。由于专业本身的特性，大部分LLM专业的TOEFL录取最低要求都是100分(部分学校还有单项要求)，而xx大法律学院的平均录取分数更是在110分左右。
另外，GPA是录取的另一个可以量化的标准，一般申请者的GPA在3.5左右，而很多顶尖法学院录取平均GPA更是达到3.6-3.8之间，竞争十分激烈。除了标准化成绩，各种相关经历也不可或缺。法院、检察院、律所的相关实习经历，各种社会调查和实践，法律援助活动，法律学术交流活动等等都作为大学评判申请者的标准。由于每位申请者的经历和关注点各不相同，我们建议申请人根据自己的特点选择申请切入点，有条理由选择地规划自己的申请，避免千篇一律。
LLM的出路主要有三条：
第一，回中国作律师。这个是大多数LLM的选择。有工作经验的律师通常还是会回国，因为在国内有了一定的经济基础或家庭。而没有工作经验的LLM在美国更加找不到工作，所以还是要回来。
第二，在美国找到工作或一年的internship。但根据以往LLM的说法是‘it is extremely difficult to find a job offer, especially those who will support yourJ-1visa’.LLM在美国找到工作是很难的，难到什么程度？根据UPenn career office的统计，在过去6年（05年之前）LLM的班级中，成功找到工作的人仅15％，最差的xx届，只有3个人找到工作。虽然各校情况存在差异性，但基本上“找工作”很难，尤其是对没有经验、直接去读LLM的人来说。即使在那些找到工作的人群里面，很大一部分是在国内外所有工作经验，和该外所的美国分所事先有协议，在那里工作或实习一段时间。所以，如果你是一个本科生，基本上要做最坏的打算：找不到工作，可能考完Bar就要回来。同样，intern也是很难很难的。
第三，LLM转JD。因此，很多本科生出去，在迫于无奈之下决定做更大的风险投资，就是转JD。一些学校，比如Columbia，Cornell，和UPenn都允许成绩优秀的LLM转成JD。但一些学校，比如NYU，是不允许的。
在这里给大家推荐几所近年来申请LLM的热门学校：
宾州州立大学
注册学生 University Park 3328名全日制学生；GA校区 1000名
地址 麦基斯波特市McKeesport ALLEGHENY
所属州 宾夕法尼亚州 PA
毗邻城市 匹兹堡Pittsburgh
学校性质 公立
创立时间 1855年
校园环境 市郊
专业介绍
LL.M. Program
Master of Laws
Penn State Law trains international lawyers for the global marketplace. For more than forty years, LL.M. students from around the world have come to the Law School to advance their careers by studying with our distinguished faculty. Profiles of several students can be found here.
The master of laws program is a 24-credit, one academic year course of study open to individuals who hold a degree in law from an accredited institution outside of the United States. Unique program benefits include:
internationally renowned faculty scholars in key areas of U.S., international and transnational law, and other specialized fields of study
experienced faculty advisors who provide personalized guidance on course selection and career options
the ability to design a course of study that meets individual career goals
opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration and study with Penn State's School of International Affairs
a practitioner-focused writing and research curriculum especially designed for LL.M. students
an intensive ten-day orientation program
an optional, intensive summer course in legal English communication
regular interaction with J.D. students through shared classroom experiences, a J.D./LL.M. mentoring program, and professionally oriented student activities, including the International Law Society
access to Career Services resources that can assist students with identifying internship and job opportunities
学院介绍
Penn State Law offers a J.D. degree, an LL.M. degree for foreign-trained lawyers, and opportunities for interdisciplinary study with other Penn State graduate programs, including the School of International Affairs. Students can consult with the Academic Affairs Office to develop a course of study appropriate for their career goals.
费用
Tuition* $35,928
入学要求及专业设置
The Penn State Law LL.M. is a one-year program in which LL.M. candidates must complete a minimum of 24 credit hours of course work. The LL.M. is designed to provide lawyers trained outside of the United States with an understanding of the American legal system that will enhance their legal career.
Foreign-trained LL.M. students are required to take the following two courses:
Introduction to the United States Legal System — this course instructs students in American legal analysis and discourse. In addition to providing students with an overview of the U.S. legal system, the course helps students develop skills in three fundamental areas of United States legal practice: (1) common law legal analysis, (2) case law research, and (3) effective communication of legal analysis.
One case analysis course from the following list:
Civil Procedure
Constitutional Law I
Contracts
Criminal Law
Criminal Procedure
Property
Torts
LL.M. students at Penn State Law work with experienced faculty members to develop a course of study that supports their individual career goals. LL.M. students can enroll in courses available to Penn State J.D. students and share classes with J.D. students. Penn State Law's rich curriculum affords LL.M. candidates the opportunity to enroll in a variety of diverse courses or to concentrate their studies in any one of the specialized fields of study. The most popular fields among our LL.M. candidates include:
Business Law
Arbitration, Mediation and Negotiation
International and Transnational Law
Antitrust
俄亥俄州立大学
俄亥俄州立大学(简称OSU)是一所四年制公立大学，成立于1870年，由五所成员大学组成。其中位于哥伦布的学院，获评“全美229所大学”之一。据《纽约时报大学指南》指出，大学的学科有会计、化学、经济、教育、地理、工业设计、外文、物理、政治科学和工程。学生选修最多的学科，依次是商科管理(19%)、工程(10%)、社会科学(9%)、教育(9%)、大众传播(9%)。前一两年有15,076人报考，共12,660人获录取。
专业介绍
Master of Laws (LL.M.)
See More Videos at Moritz's YouTube Channel
The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law Master of Laws (LL.M.) Program is designed for foreign lawyers who wish to advance their legal education in a stimulating academic environment. The College offers the dual advantages of a highly-regarded law curriculum at a major U.S. university and an LL.M. program of limited size that allows for individualized attention and support.
Two of the program’s primary goals are to immerse foreign lawyers in a year of U.S. legal education and to foster interaction between American J.D. students and the LL.M. students. In large part this is accomplished by integrating the LL.M students into the J.D. curriculum, ensuring that both groups will benefit from the interaction and graduate from their respective programs well prepared to participate in an increasingly globalized world.
Moritz also offers a rich selection of student activities outside the classroom where LL.M. students may participate in the life of the College.
Ohio State’s LL.M. program offers students an opportunity to select their courses from a rich and diverse curriculum. Students may choose a generalized study of U.S. law or may tailor their courses to fit specialized interests and career objectives. Students have an option to elect a concentration in Business Law, Criminal Law and Procedure, Intellectual Property and Information Law, International and Comparative Law, Labor and Employment Law, or Alternative Dispute Resolution, or they may design a customized concentration.
费用
$39,274
入学要求
The LL.M. program is limited to students who have:
obtained an LL.B. from a foreign country; or
completed in a foreign country the university-based legal education required to take the equivalent of the bar examination in that foreign country; or
qualified to practice law in a foreign country; or
the equivalent thereof as determined by the LL.M. Admissions Committee.
Minimum Acceptable Scores
TOEFL: 600 paper based; 250 computer based; 100 ibT
IELTS: 7.5
纽约大学
(New York University, 简称 NYU) ，成立于 1831 年，是全美的私立大学之一；也是美国一座坐落于纽约心脏地带的。所设课程压力不大，但要求甚高，学生称其 “not high pressure, but demanding” 。而31名诺贝尔奖得主更是使纽约大学光芒四射，享誉世界。
其研究生院的学术水准甚高，尤其是其法学院，一直处于上升态势，在2007年位列《美国新闻与世界报道》（U.S. News and World Report） 全美第五名。其商学院亦是蜚声全美，金融，营销等专业在2007年度《商业周刊》（BusinessWeek），《经济学家》（The Economist），《金融时报》（Financial Times）等众多排名中皆位列前10。
专业介绍
Flexibility. In most semesters, more than a dozen different online courses are offered, ranging from Taxation of Mergers & Acquisitions to Tax Policy. Students can customize classwork around their schedules, watching their class on video at any time that is convenient. Even final exams can be completed on a computer in your home or office by using a video proctoring device. Students can complete the entire degree by participating in online courses, though they are welcome to take classes on campus in Greenwich Village as well.
Interactivity. Executive LL.M. students have direct access to their professors through online discussion boards, e-mail and telephone conversations. And even though Executive LL.M. students are not physically on campus, they can keep up with all that goes on at Washington Square by watching videos of our many panels and programs.
High Quality Technology. Online courses are offered in high-resolution video, using the same technology that popular video-on-demand services use to deliver movies. Each course is recorded by multiple live camera operators and a director, not by a fixed camera at the back of the room. Most professors use a “smart tablet” that displays the professor’s handwriting electronically in a separate window in each course video.
入学要求：
Most of the students in the Executive LL.M. program are experienced attorneys who are located outside of the New York region. Current students include attorneys who work at law firms, accounting firms and in-house at corporations. They practice across the United States, as well as in Europe and Asia.
Admission to the Executive LL.M program is highly selective. Executive LL.M. students must meet the same admission standard as our on-campus students. To apply, you must hold a first degree in law (J.D. or LL.B.) from a law school that is approved by the Section of Legal Education of the American Bar Association or a bachelor of law degree from a non-U.S. law school approved by its foreign equivalent. For more information on application requirements, please visit our How to Apply page. If you would like to discuss which of our tax programs best suits your needs, please contact us.
Students have up to five years to complete the 24 credits needed to receive a degree.
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