Question

请英语高手帮我翻译一段文字(汉译英)!谢谢!急等!

1303年，道尔顿继承古希腊朴素原子论和牛顿微粒说，提出原子学说，其要点：（1）化学元素由不可分的微粒—原子构成，它在一切化学变化中是不可再分的最小单位。（2）同种元素的原子性质和质量都相同，不同元素原子的性质和质量各不相同，原子质量是元素的基本特征之一。（3）不同元素化合时，原子以简单整数比结合。推导并用实验证明倍比定律。如果一种元素的质量固定时，那么另一元素在各种化合物中的质量一定成简单整数比。
在19世纪末，放射性元素逐一被发现，它们裂变的事实冲破原子不能再分的传统观念。1897年英国科学家汤姆森发现原子里有带负电荷的电子。这一切激励着科学家们去探索原子的内在结构。
1904年，英国科学家汤姆森首先提出葡萄干面包原子模型。他认为既然电子那么小，又那么轻，因此原子带正电部分充斥整个原子，而很小很轻的电子浸泡在正电的气氛中，这正像葡萄干嵌在面包中那样。电子带的负电荷被原子内带正电荷部分抵消，因此原子是电中性的。汤姆森的原子模型能解释原子是电中性的，还能估计原子半径约为100pm（10-10m），因此它风行10多年，以后意外地被汤姆森的学生卢瑟福推翻。
1911年，卢瑟福和盖革用α粒子轰击金属箔，并用荧光屏记录粒子散射现象的情况。他发现大部分α粒子按直线透过金属箔，只有极少一部分α粒子被反弹回来或偏转很大角度。这个实验充分说明原子内有很大空间，而正电荷部分集中在原子中心极小的球体内，这里占原子质量的99％以上。因此，他断定汤姆森的葡萄干面包的原子模型不符实际，同时他果断地提出新的原子模型。
1912年，卢瑟福联系太阳系中行星绕太阳旋转情况提出新的原子模型是带正电的原子核在原子正中，占原子质量的绝大部分，正像太阳系中太阳那样；带负电的电子环绕原子核作高速运动。按这个模型可估计原子直径是100pm，电子直径是1fm，原子核直径是10～0.1fm，原子内部有很大空间。
1913年，卢瑟福的学生、丹麦物理学家玻尔将诞生不久的量子理论运用到原子结构模型之中，提出：电子在一些特定的可能轨道上绕核作圆周运动，离核愈远能量愈高；可能的轨道由电子的角动量必须是 h/2π的整数倍决定；当电子在这些可能的轨道上运动时原子不发射也不吸收能量，只有当电子从一个轨道跃迁到另一个轨道时原子才发射或吸收能量，而且发射或吸收的辐射是单频的，辐射的频率和能量之间关系由 E＝hν给出。玻尔因此项成果荣获了1922年诺贝尔物理学奖。
玻尔发展了他的老师卢瑟福的理论，但他依然没有完全摆脱传统理论的影响。在他的理论中，时而运用新的理论方法，时而又运用传统的理论，这使他对于原子结构、粒子运动规律的解释还存在许多自相矛盾的地方。

以上是需要翻译的部分.请高手帮下忙!急用....谢谢!........(另,请不要单纯的用金山之类的在线翻译....很不准的!谢谢!)
高手请进!不胜感激!
我知道分很重要...可是我很少啊.....否则也不会只给那么多了.......希望大家谅解下.....真的很需要大家的帮忙...谢谢!!

Answer 1

In 1303, Dalton inherited the ancient Greek Atomism and Newton simple particles that make atomic theory, and its main points: (1) of chemical elements can not be separated from the particles - atoms, which in all chemical change is no longer the smallest unit of sub - . (2) of the atomic elements with the nature and quality are the same, different elements of the nature and quality of atoms vary, atomic mass is one of the basic characteristics of the element. (3) combination of different elements, the atom than the combination of a simple integer. Derivation and experimental proof than the law of times. If the quality of a fixed element, then the other elements in various compounds into the quality of a certain simple integer ratio.

In the late 19th century, radioactive elements were found one by one, the fact that they broke the atomic fission is no longer the traditional concept of points. Thomson in 1897, British scientists have found that the original house with negatively charged electron. All this inspired scientists to explore the internal structure of atoms.

1904, British scientists first proposed raisin bread Thomson atomic model. He believes that since the electronics so small and so light, so some positively charged atoms filled the entire atom, and a small very light electronic immersed in positively charged atmosphere, which like raisins as embedded in bread. Electronic belt atom with negative charge was partially offset by positively charged, so the atom is neutral. Thomson's atomic model to explain the atom is neutral, but also an estimated radius about atomic 100pm (10-10m), so it popular for more than 10 years after the accidental Thomson Rutherford overthrow students.

In 1911, Rutherford and Geiger with α-particle bombardment of metal foil, and screen records particle scattering phenomena. He found that the majority of α-particles by a straight line through the metal foil, only a very small part of α-particles was a great bounce back or deflection angle. This experiment fully explained, there are a lot of room for atoms, while the positive charge on the atomic center part of a very small ball inside the body, here accounting for atomic mass of 99%. Therefore, he concluded that Thomson's raisin bread model of the atom does not match reality, the same time, he acted decisively in proposing the new atomic model.

In 1912, Rutherford Contact solar system planets revolving around the sun to make the new model is a positively charged atomic nuclei in the atoms of the middle, accounting for the vast majority of atomic mass, just as the sun as the solar system; negatively charged nucleus surrounded by an electronic for high-speed movement. The model can be estimated by atomic diameter is 100pm, electronic diameter is 1fm, the nucleus diameter is 10 ~ 0.1fm, there are a lot of room for atoms.

In 1913, Rutherford's students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr will be born near the quantum theory of atomic structure model applied to, and put forward: E may in some specific orbit around the core for circular motion, the farther away from the nuclear energy higher; possible orbital angular momentum by the electron must be several times the entire h/2π decisions; when the electronic potential in these tracks campaign does not launch atomic energy absorption not only when the electronic transitions from one track to another track when it fired or atomic energy absorption and emission or absorption of radiation is the single-frequency, radiation frequency and the relationship between energy E = hν is given by. Bohr therefore items won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Bohr developed his teacher Rutherford's theory, but he is still not completely shake off the effects of traditional theory. In his theory, sometimes the use of new theoretical methods, and sometimes use the traditional theory, which he atomic structure, particle movement of the explanation, there are still many places where self-contradictory.

Answer 2

In 1303, Dalton inherited the ancient Greek Atomism and Newton simple particles that make atomic theory, and its main points: (1) of chemical elements can not be separated from the particles - atoms, which in all chemical change is no longer the smallest unit of sub - . (2) of the atomic elements with the nature and quality are the same, different elements of the nature and quality of atoms vary, atomic mass is one of the basic characteristics of the element. (3) combination of different elements, the atom than the combination of a simple integer. Derivation and experimental proof than the law of times. If the quality of a fixed element, then the other elements in various compounds into the quality of a certain simple integer ratio.
In the late 19th century, radioactive elements were found one by one, the fact that they broke the atomic fission is no longer the traditional concept of points. Thomson in 1897, British scientists have found that the original house with negatively charged electron. All this inspired scientists to explore the internal structure of atoms.
1904, British scientists first proposed raisin bread Thomson atomic model. He believes that since the electronics so small and so light, so some positively charged atoms filled the entire atom, and a small very light electronic immersed in positively charged atmosphere, which like raisins as embedded in bread. Electronic belt atom with negative charge was partially offset by positively charged, so the atom is neutral. Thomson's atomic model to explain the atom is neutral, but also an estimated radius about atomic 100pm (10-10m), so it popular for more than 10 years after the accidental Thomson Rutherford overthrow students.
In 1911, Rutherford and Geiger with α-particle bombardment of metal foil, and screen records particle scattering phenomena. He found that the majority of α-particles by a straight line through the metal foil, only a very small part of α-particles was a great bounce back or deflection angle. This experiment fully explained, there are a lot of room for atoms, while the positive charge on the atomic center part of a very small ball inside the body, here accounting for atomic mass of 99%. Therefore, he concluded that Thomson's raisin bread model of the atom does not match reality, the same time, he acted decisively in proposing the new atomic model.
In 1912, Rutherford Contact solar system planets revolving around the sun to make the new model is a positively charged atomic nuclei in the atoms of the middle, accounting for the vast majority of atomic mass, just as the sun as the solar system; negatively charged nucleus surrounded by an electronic for high-speed movement. The model can be estimated by atomic diameter is 100pm, electronic diameter is 1fm, the nucleus diameter is 10 ~ 0.1fm, there are a lot of room for atoms.
In 1913, Rutherford's students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr will be born near the quantum theory of atomic structure model applied to, and put forward: E may in some specific orbit around the core for circular motion, the farther away from the nuclear energy higher; possible orbital angular momentum by the electron must be several times the entire h/2π decisions; when the electronic potential in these tracks campaign does not launch atomic energy absorption not only when the electronic transitions from one track to another track when it fired or atomic energy absorption and emission or absorption of radiation is the single-frequency, radiation frequency and the relationship between energy E = hν is given by. Bohr therefore items won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Bohr developed his teacher Rutherford's theory, but he is still not completely shake off the effects of traditional theory. In his theory, sometimes the use of new theoretical methods, and sometimes use the traditional theory, which he atomic structure, particle movement of the explanation, there are still many places where self-contradictory.

Answer 3

In 1303, Dalton inherited the ancient Greece simple atom to discuss with the Newton corposcular theory, proposed the atomic theory, its main point: (1) chemical element by not the separable particle - atomic building, it the smallest unit which may not again divide in all chemical change.(2) homogeneous element atomic nature and the quality are all same, the different element atom nature and the quality are various, the atomic mass is one of element basic characteristics.When (3) different element chemical combination, the atom compares the union by the simple integer.The inferential reasoning and with tests the certificate law of multiple proportions.If one kind of element quality fixed time, then another element becomes certainly the simple integer ratio in each kind of compound quality.
In 19 century's ends, the radioactive element was discovered one by one that, their fission fact breaks through the traditional ideas which the atom cannot again divide.In 1897 English scientist Thomsen discovered in the atom has the belt negative charge electron.All these were driving the scientists explore atomic the intrinsic structure.
In 1904, English scientist Thomsen first proposed the raisin bread atomic model.He thought since the electron is so small, also that light, therefore the original innertube positive electricity part floods the entire atom, but the very small very light electronic immersion in the positive electricity atmosphere, this direct positive raisin inlays in the bread such.Electricity innertube negative charge by atomic inner tube positive charge part counterbalance, therefore the atom is electric neutrality.Thomsen's atomic model can explain the atom is electric neutrality, but also can estimate the atomic radius is approximately 100pm(10-10m), therefore it is in fashion for more than 10 years, later the accident is overthrown by Thomsen's student Rutherford.
In 1911, Rutherford and the geiger with alpha the granule bombardment metallic foil, and used the fluorescent screen record granule scattering phenomenon the situation.He discovers the majority of alpha granules according to the straight line penetration metallic foil, only then the extremely few part of alpha granules come back by the resilience or the deflection very great angle.This experiment showed fully intratomic has the very big space, but the positive charge part concentrates in the atomic center minimum spheroid, here occupies the atomic mass above 99%.Therefore, he concluded Thomsen's raisin bread atomic model symbol reality, simultaneously he decisively does not propose the new atomic model. In 1912, Rutherford related in solar system the planet to circle the solar revolving situation to propose the new atomic model was the belt positive electricity atomic nucleus center the atom, occupied the atomic mass the major part, in direct positive solar system solar such; The belt negative electricity electronic encirclement atomic nucleus makes the high speed movement.According to this model may estimate the atomic diameter is 100pm, the electronic diameter is 1fm, the nuclear diameter is 10~0.1fm, the atomic interior has the very big space.
In 1913, Rutherford's student, Danish physicist Bohr will be born the soon quantum theory to utilize in the atomic structure model, proposed: The electron to circle the nucleus on some specific possible tracks to make the circular motion, is higher to a nucleus farther energy; The possible track by the electronic angular momentum to have to be h/2π integral multiple decision; When electron when these possible tracks movement the atom does not launch also the nonabsorbing energy, only then when the electron jumps from a track to another track the atom only then launches or the absorbed energy, moreover launches or the absorption radiation is monofrequent, between the radiation frequency and the energy relates by E=hν gives.Therefore Bohr an achievement has had the honor to receive in 1922 the Nobel physics prize.
Bohr has developed his Mr./Mrs. Rutherford's theory, but he still does not have to get rid of the traditional theory completely the influence.In his theory, utilizes the new theory method from time to time, from time to time utilizes traditional the theory, this causes him regarding the atomic structure, the granule law of motion explanation also to have many self-contradictory places.

Answer 4

In 1303, Daoerdun inherits simple atomic theory of ancient Greece and Newton corpuscular theory , brings forward atom theory , the person essential: (1) chemical element is composed of no detachable particle atom, its minimal unit being to be not allowed to divide again in the metamorphosis in all. Both (2) cospecific elements atoms character and mass be same as, the character and mass being unlike the element atom differ from one another , atom mass is one of the element essential features. When (3) is unlike element chemical combination, the atom combines with simple integer ratio. Deduce and use the demonstration law of multiple proportion. If when one kind of the element mass fixation,another element definitely becomes the simple integer ratio so in mass in various compound. The end of the century , the radioelement are discovered one by one in 19, their nuclear fission fact breaks through an atom being able to not divide again traditional ideas. In 1897 United Kingdom scientist Tom is dark discover the electron having bringing negative charge along in the atom. All these is stimulating scientists to go to probe inherent atom structure. In 1904, the dark United Kingdom scientist Tom primo brings forward the raisin bread atom model. He regards it being light since the electron is so small, the atom takes the positive electricity part to be full of the entire atom therefore , the very minor very light electron is immersed but in positive electricity atmosphere, this positive raisin is embedded in bread like that. Simultaneous negative charge of electron is counterbalanced by atom inner tyre positive charge part, the atom is electric neutrality's therefore. That the dark Tom atom model can make an explanation atom is electric neutrality's , can estimate atom radius appointment at 100 pms (10-10m), it is popular for more than 10 years therefore , Lusefu is overthrown dark student of Tom unexpectedly hereafter. Lusefu and cover leather use alpha particle bombardment metal foil in 1911, use fluorescent screen to record particle dispersion phenomenon condition and. He discovers the most alpha particle permeating metal foil according to the straight line , return or deflection is very big only when the part of alpha particle is seldom rebounded angle. This experiment explains that the atom inner has very big space sufficiently , the positive charge part focuses on minimal atom centre spheroid inner but, account for more than 99% of atom mass here. Therefore, he determines inconsistent reality of dark Tom raisin bread atom model , he brings forward the new atom model at the same time decisively. The planet winds sun revolution condition in Lusefu connection solar system in 1912, suggesting that the new atom model is to bring the positive electricity atomic nucleus along in the atom center, Zhan atom the mass most, the sun is like that in positive solar system; Take the negative electricity electron to compose high speed sport around atomic nucleus be. According to this model but the pm estimating that the atom diameter is 100,the electron diameter is 1 fm , the atomic nucleus diameter is 10 ~ 0.1 fm , has very big space in the inside of atom. 1913, Lusefu's student , Denmark physicist Bohr quantum the before long theory proposes that with coming into being in the model applying to atomic structure: The electron winds on a little specially appointed possibility orbit a core doing circling motion, be away from the core is the more distant , the higher energy; Possible orbit must be times the h/2π integer decision by electronic angular momentum; Think that the atom does not launch when the electron moves on these possible orbit absorb an energy neither, the radiation launching or admitting is that Shan is frequent and , relation is given to out between radiation frequency and energy from E = hν only when thinking that just now, the atom launches or absorbs an energy when the electron arrives at another orbit from a orbit transition. Bohr therefore item achievement have had the honour to win Nobel Prize of physics in 1922. Bohr has developed his theory of teacher Lusefu , he has not had but the effect shaking off tradition theory completely as before. In his theory, the method wielding new theory intermittently , the theory wielding tradition's intermittently, this makes him move law's to atomic structure , the particle making an explanation existence is fairly a lot of self-contradictory place.

Answer 5

到底哪个对?
ccording
to
the
Carnegie.
Mailun
university
research,
the
use
of
the
Internet
may
lead
to
decreased
level
of
mental
health,
two
studies
show
that
the
number
of
Internet
and
more
people
with
fewer
people
than
the
Internet
even
if
only
a
few
hours
a
week
will
always
feel
the
loneliness
and
Ju
Sang,
This
is
not
to
say
feelings
of
the
people
will
not
spend
more
time
online,
but
said
the
use
of
the
Internet
seems
to
lead
people
feel
really
bad,
the
researchers
puzzled
by
these
results,
because
it
is
expected
of
them
diametrically
opposed,
they
forecast
,
And
watching
television
than
from
the
social
point
of
view,
the
Internet
may
be
more
healthy,
because
networks
allow
users
to
choose
their
own
need
for
the
information
and
conduct
exchanges
with
others