Question

用WINDOWS API的CreateWindow创建的窗口如何添加控件

用WINDOWS API的CreateWindow创建的窗口如何添加控件和如何实现控件的相关功能。最好有代码示例。请注意，不要拿MFC的代码过来。

Answer 1

给你一个例子吧，把一下代码放到一个win32工程里运行。

/*
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <windows.h>
#pragma hdrstop

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#pragma argsused
WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
return 0;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/

#include <windows.h>
//#include <alloc.h>
#include <malloc.h>

//IDENTIFIERS

#define IDC_CHECKBOX1 100 ///<Identifier For 1st Check Box
#define IDC_CHECKBOX2 101 ///<Identifier For 2nd Check Box
#define IDC_CHECKBOX3 102 ///<Identifier For 3rd Check Box
#define IDC_CHECKBOX4 103 ///<Identifier For 4th Check Box
#define IDC_RADIO11 104 ///<Identifier For 1st Radio Button
#define IDC_RADIO12 105 ///<Identifier For 2nd Radio Button
#define IDC_RADIO13 106 ///<Identifier For 3rd Radio Button
#define IDC_RADIO21 107 ///<Identifier For 1st Radio Button
#define IDC_RADIO22 108 ///<Identifier For 2nd Radio Button
#define IDC_RADIO23 109 ///<Identifier For 3rd Radio Button
#define IDC_EDITBOX 110 ///<Identifier For Edit Control
#define IDC_LISTBOX 111 ///<Identifier For List Box
#define IDC_SUBMIT 112 ///<Identifier For Submit Button
#define IDC_GROUP1 113 ///<Identifier For 1st Group
#define IDC_GROUP2 114 ///<Identifier For 2nd Group
#define IDC_GROUP3 115 ///<Identifier For 3rd Group
#define IDC_RESET 116 ///<Identifier For Reset Button
#define IDC_COMBOBOX 117 ///<Identifier For Reset Button
#define ONE 1 ///<Macro Declaration.
#define TWO 2 ///<Macro Declaration.
#define THREE 3 ///<Macro Declaration.
#define FOUR 4 ///<Macro Declaration.
#define ZERO 0 ///<Macro Declaration.
#define FIVE 5 ///<Macro Declaration.

//Global Variables

HANDLE ghInstance; ///< Contains the instance of the Application
int gCheckonce=ONE,i; ///<used for the submit button to allow only one submission.

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc( HWND phWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam );
void CreateLabels(HWND phWnd);
void CreateGroups(HWND phWnd);
void CreateLabels(HWND phWnd);
void CreateListBox(HWND phWnd);
void CreateEditBox(HWND phWnd);
void CreateComboBox(HWND phWnd);
void Createopbutton(HWND phWnd);
void CreateControls( HWND phWnd );
void CreateCheckBox(HWND phWnd,int y_axis);
void CreateRadioButtonsecondgroup(HWND hWnd,int y_axis);
void CreateRadioButtonfirstgroup(HWND phWnd,int y_axis);

void EditText(HWND phWnd);
void AddItemsInListBox(HWND phWnd);
void RetrieveTextFromComboBox(HWND phWnd);
void radiocheck(int pButton_no,HWND phWnd);
void checkbox(HWND phwndCheckBox , HWND phWnd);

char* RetrieveText(HWND hWnd);

int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow )
{

WNDCLASS wc; ///<contains the window class attributes that are registered by the RegisterClass

function
MSG msg; ///<structure contains message information from a thread's message queue
HWND hWnd; ///<handle to window
BOOL bRet;

LoadLibrary("riched32.dll");
if( !hPrevInstance ){

wc.lpszClassName = "GenericAppClass"; ///<Name to identify the window class.
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc; ///<Pointer to the window procedure for this window class
wc.style = CS_OWNDC | CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW; ///<Specifies the class style(s)
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon( NULL, IDI_APPLICATION ); ///<returns the handle to an icon to be loaded on the

window
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW ); ///<returns the handle to the cursor that has to be

displayed
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)( COLOR_WINDOW+11); ///<set the background color
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; ///<class have no default menu
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
RegisterClass( &wc ); ///<this will register the class
}

ghInstance = hInstance;

//CreateWindow will return the handle to a new window
hWnd = CreateWindow( "GenericAppClass", ///<name of the window class
"EXAMPLE OF TAB CONTROL", ///<window name
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_HSCROLL|
WS_VSCROLL|WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, ///<specifies the window style
0, ///<set the horizontal position of the window
0, ///<set the vertical position of the window
CW_USEDEFAULT, ///<set the width of the window
CW_USEDEFAULT, ///<set the height of the window
NULL, ///<contains valid pointer for child window
NULL, ///<class menu is used
hInstance, ///<Handle to the instance associated with the window
NULL );

//function to show the window
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_MAXIMIZE );

//it will be executed if function will return nonzero value
while( (bRet = GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 )) != 0 )
{
//execute if there is an error otherwise 'else' part is executed
if (bRet == -1) {

return 0;

} else {

TranslateMessage( &msg ); ///<translates virtual-key messages into character messages.
DispatchMessage( &msg ); ///<dispatches a message to a window procedure
}
} ///<loops ended
return (int)msg.wParam; ///< returns integer that indicates the additional information of the msg

} // End of WinMain()

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc( HWND phWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( uMsg ){
//call function to create all controls.
case WM_CREATE:

CreateControls(phWnd); ///<creates all the controls.
break;

//used to close the window
case WM_CLOSE:

if((MessageBox(phWnd, "DO YOU REALLY WANT TO EXIT ?", "Message",MB_OKCANCEL))==IDOK){
//for final exit
DestroyWindow(phWnd); ///< POSTS THE MESSAGE WM_DESTROY TO DESTROY THE CREATED WINDOW.
}
break;

case WM_COMMAND:

//Handling Window Controllers
switch(LOWORD(wParam)){

case IDC_SUBMIT:

///<handles the submission of the details into the list box on clicking submit

if(HIWORD(wParam)==BN_CLICKED && gCheckonce==ONE){ ///< hiword(wParam) takes the notification

AddItemsInListBox(phWnd); ///<displays all the details in the list box.

gCheckonce=TWO;
}
break;

case IDC_RESET:

if(HIWORD(wParam)==BN_CLICKED){

for(i=ZERO; i<FOUR; i++){

//sends message to uncheck the radio buttons of the first group.
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,(IDC_RADIO11+i)),BM_SETCHECK,BST_UNCHECKED,0);

//sends message to uncheck the radio buttons of the second group
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,(IDC_RADIO21+i)),BM_SETCHECK,BST_UNCHECKED,0);

//sends message to uncheck the check boxes.
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,(IDC_CHECKBOX1+i)),BM_SETCHECK,BST_UNCHECKED,0);
}

//sends message to reset the edit box.
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_EDITBOX),WM_SETTEXT,0,(LPARAM)" ");

//sends message to reset the combo box.
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_COMBOBOX),CB_SETCURSEL,0,(LPARAM)"");

//sends message to reset the list box.
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_LISTBOX),LB_RESETCONTENT,0,0);

//resets the flag of the submit button to 1.
gCheckonce=ONE;
}
break;
}
break;

//USED TO CONTROL WINDOW
case WM_DESTROY:

PostQuitMessage(0); ///< posts the message wm_quit to quit the window.

break;

//TO PROVIDE DEFAULT PROCESSING ON ANY WINDOW MESSAGES
default:

return( DefWindowProc( phWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam ));
}
return 0;
}

void CreateLabels(HWND phWnd)
{
//LABEL FOR THE COMBO BOX
CreateWindow("Static","Enter the field of

Study:",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_LEFT,40,80,200,20,phWnd,NULL,ghInstance,NULL);

//LABEL FOR THE BADIOBUTTONS OF FIRST GROUP
CreateWindow("Static","Enter the Students Year Of Study:",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_LEFT,40,160,250

,20,phWnd,NULL,ghInstance,NULL);

//LABEL FOR THE EDIT BOX
CreateWindow("Static","Enter the Students Name:",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_LEFT,510,80,180,20,

phWnd,NULL,ghInstance,NULL);

//LABEL FOR THE RADIOBUTTONS OF THE SECOND GROUP
CreateWindow("Static","Enter the Students Initials:",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_LEFT,510,160,180,20,
phWnd,NULL,ghInstance,NULL);

//LABEL FOR THE CHECK BOX
CreateWindow("Static","Enter the Students Hobbies:",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_LEFT,220,350,280,20,

phWnd,NULL,ghInstance,NULL);
}

void CreateControls( HWND phWnd )
{
//TO CREATE COMBO BOX
CreateComboBox(phWnd);

//TO CREATE RADIOBUTTON
CreateRadioButtonfirstgroup(phWnd,180);

//TO CREATE LABELS FOR ALL THE CONTROLS
CreateLabels(phWnd);

//TO CREATE THE GROUP STRUCTURE
CreateGroups(phWnd);

// CreateEditBox(phWnd);
CreateEditBox(phWnd);

//TO CREATE SECOND SET OF RADIOBUTTONS
CreateRadioButtonsecondgroup(phWnd,180);

//TO CREATE CHECK BOX
CreateCheckBox(phWnd,340);

//TO CREATE THE SUBMIT AND RESET BUTTONS FOR THE 1ST TAB
Createopbutton(phWnd);

//TO CREATE LIST BOX CONTROL
CreateListBox(phWnd);

//used to setfocus on ComboBox
SetFocus(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_COMBOBOX));
}
void CreateGroups(HWND phWnd)
{
//CREATES THE OUTLINE FOR THE FIRST GROUP
CreateWindow("Button", "SUBJECT DETAILS" , WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE |BS_GROUPBOX,30,50,400,250,phWnd,
(HMENU)IDC_GROUP1,ghInstance,NULL);

//CREATES THE OUTLINE FOR THE SECOND GROUP
CreateWindow("Button", "STUDENT DETAILS" , WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE |BS_GROUPBOX,500,50,400,
250,phWnd,(HMENU)IDC_GROUP2,ghInstance,NULL);

//CREATES THE OUTLINE FOR THE THIRD GROUP
CreateWindow("Button", "HOBBIES" , WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE |BS_GROUPBOX,30,320,670,
120,phWnd,(HMENU)IDC_GROUP3,ghInstance,NULL);

}

void CreateRadioButtonfirstgroup(HWND phWnd,int y_axis)
{

int i,x_axis;
char *radiobuttonnames[]={"I","II","III"};

//this loop creates the three radiobuttons.
for(i=ZERO,x_axis=50;i<THREE;i++,x_axis+=90){

CreateWindow("Button",radiobuttonnames[i],WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_TABSTOP|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON ,

x_axis,y_axis,50,100,phWnd,(HMENU)(IDC_RADIO11+i), ghInstance,NULL);
}
}

void CreateRadioButtonsecondgroup(HWND hWnd,int y_axis)
{

int i,x_axis;
char *radiobuttonnames1[]={"Mr","Miss","Mrs"};

//this loop creates the three radiobuttons.
for(i=ZERO,x_axis=520;i<THREE;i++,x_axis+=90){

CreateWindow("Button",radiobuttonnames1[i],WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_TABSTOP|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
x_axis,y_axis,50,100,hWnd,(HMENU)(IDC_RADIO21+i),ghInstance,NULL);
}
}

void Createopbutton(HWND phWnd)
{
//CREATES THE SUBMIT BUTTON
CreateWindow("Button","Submit",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON|WS_TABSTOP ,350,600,100,30,
phWnd,(HMENU)IDC_SUBMIT,ghInstance,NULL);

//CREATES THE RESET BUTTON
CreateWindow("Button","Reset",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON|WS_TABSTOP ,550,600,100,30,
phWnd,(HMENU)IDC_RESET,ghInstance,NULL);

}

void CreateCheckBox(HWND phWnd,int y_axis)
{

int x_axis,i;
char *checkboxnames[]={"Singing","Dancing","Sketching","Drawing"};

//this loop creates the four checkboxes.
for(i=ZERO,x_axis=50;i<FOUR;i++,x_axis+=150){

CreateWindow("Button",checkboxnames[i],WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX|WS_TABSTOP,
x_axis,390,100,15,phWnd,(HMENU)(IDC_CHECKBOX1+i),ghInstance,NULL);

}
}

void CreateComboBox(HWND phWnd)
{

char *comboitem[] = { "SELECT",
"MATHS",
"BIOLOGY",
"COMMERCE",
"ARTS" };
int i;

CreateWindow( "COMBOBOX",
"",
CBS_DROPDOWNLIST | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE |WS_TABSTOP|WS_GROUP,
70,
100,
200,
500,
phWnd,
(HMENU) IDC_COMBOBOX,
ghInstance,
NULL);

//Add items in the Combo Box
for(i=ZERO;i<FIVE;i++)
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_COMBOBOX), CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM) comboitem[i]);

}

void CreateEditBox(HWND phWnd)
{
//CREATES THE EDIT BOX
CreateWindow("Edit",NULL,WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE |WS_BORDER|WS_GROUP|WS_TABSTOP,700,70,180,40,
phWnd,(HMENU)IDC_EDITBOX, ghInstance,NULL);
}

void CreateListBox(HWND phWnd)
{
//CREATES THE LIST BOX
CreateWindow("ListBox",NULL,WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE |WS_BORDER |WS_VSCROLL,200,480,200,50,phWnd,(HMENU)

IDC_LISTBOX,ghInstance,NULL);
}

void AddItemsInListBox(HWND phWnd)
{
//CALL FUNCTION TO RETRIEVE THE SELECTED STRING FROM THE COMBO BOX
RetrieveTextFromComboBox(phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE CHECK BOX 1 SELECTD OR N0T
checkbox(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_CHECKBOX1),phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE CHECK BOX 2 IS SELECTD OR N0T
checkbox(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_CHECKBOX2),phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE CHECK BOX 3 IS SELECTD OR N0T
checkbox(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_CHECKBOX3),phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE CHECK BOX 3 IS SELECTD OR N0T
checkbox(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_CHECKBOX4),phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE RADIO BUTTON 1 OF RADIO GROUP 1 IS SELECTD OR N0T
radiocheck(IDC_RADIO11,phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE RADIO BUTTON 2 OF RADIO GROUP 1 IS SELECTD OR N0T
radiocheck(IDC_RADIO12,phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE RADIO BUTTON 3 OF RADIO GROUP 1 IS SELECTD OR N0T
radiocheck(IDC_RADIO13,phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE RADIO BUTTON 1 OF RADIO GROUP 2 IS SELECTD OR N0T
radiocheck(IDC_RADIO21,phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE RADIO BUTTON 2 OF RADIO GROUP 2 IS SELECTD OR N0T
radiocheck(IDC_RADIO22,phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE RADIO BUTTON 3 OF RADIO GROUP 2 IS SELECTD OR N0T
radiocheck(IDC_RADIO23,phWnd);

//CALL FUNCTION TO CHECK THAT WEATHER THE TEXT IS AVILABLE IN EDIT CONTROL OR N0T
EditText(phWnd);
}

void radiocheck(int pButton_no,HWND phWnd)
{

char* edittext;
int i;

//RETURN TRUE IF RADIO BUTTON IS SELECTED
if(SendMessage( GetDlgItem(phWnd,pButton_no),BM_GETCHECK,0,0) == BST_CHECKED) {

//Retrieve the length of the text associated with the CheckBox
i = GetWindowTextLength( GetDlgItem(phWnd,pButton_no));

//Allocate memory of i length
edittext = (char*)calloc(10,(i+1)*sizeof(char));

//Retrieve the string associated with the Radio Buttons
GetWindowText( GetDlgItem(phWnd,pButton_no), edittext,i+1);

//Add that string in to the List box
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_LISTBOX),LB_ADDSTRING,0, (LPARAM)edittext);
free(edittext);
}
}
void EditText(HWND phWnd)
{

char *edittext; ///<contains the address of the Buffer

//call RetrieveText() to retrieve text from the Edit Control of First Group Box
edittext=RetrieveText( GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_EDITBOX));

//add that string in the List box
SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_LISTBOX),LB_ADDSTRING,0,(LPARAM) edittext);
free(edittext);
}
void RetrieveTextFromComboBox(HWND phWnd)
{

char *edittext;
int CBIndex;

(LRESULT) CBIndex = SendMessage(GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_COMBOBOX),CB_GETCURSEL,0,0);

//checks whether or not any value is selected in the combo box if not retuns -1
if (CBIndex != -1) {

edittext=RetrieveText( GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_COMBOBOX));
//ADD THE RETRIEVED TEXT TO THE LIST BOX
SendMessage( GetDlgItem(phWnd,IDC_LISTBOX),LB_ADDSTRING,0,(LPARAM) edittext);

free(edittext);
}
}

char* RetrieveText(HWND hWnd)
{
char *edittext;
int textlength;

//Retrieve text length
(LRESULT)textlength = SendMessage( hWnd,WM_GETTEXTLENGTH,0,0);
edittext=(char*)calloc(textlength+1,sizeof(char));

//retrieve the string entered in the Edit Control
SendMessage( hWnd,WM_GETTEXT,textlength+1,(LPARAM) edittext);

return edittext;
}

void checkbox(HWND phwndCheckBox , HWND phWnd)
{

char * edittext;
int i;

//RETURN TRUE IF CHECK BOX IS SELECTED
if(SendMessage(phwndCheckBox,BM_GETCHECK,0,0)==BST_CHECKED) {

//retrieve the length of the text associated with the CheckBox
i = GetWindowTextLength(phwndCheckBox);

//Allocate memory of i length
edittext = (char*)calloc(10,(i+1)*sizeof(char));

//retrieve the string associated with the CheckBox
i = GetWindowText( phwndCheckBox, edittext,(i+1) );

//add that string in to the List box
SendMessage(GetDlgItem( phWnd, IDC_LISTBOX ),LB_ADDSTRING,0,(LPARAM) edittext);

free(edittext);
}
}

Answer 2

http://blog.csdn.net/suiyunonghen/archive/2008/07/03/2609033.aspx

这东西估计你用的到