Question

数列化简

化简以下两个数列 要过程 谢谢
1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+......+n^2 =？

1^3+2^3+3^3+4^3+......n^3=？

Answer 1

1^2+2^2+3^2+......+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=[n(n+1)/2]^2

1^2+2^2+3^2+......+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
证明:
证法一
n^2=n(n+1)-n
1^2+2^2+3^2+......+n^2
=1*2-1+2*3-2+....+n(n+1)-n
=1*2+2*3+...+n(n+1)-(1+2+...+n)

由于n(n+1)=[n(n+1)(n+2)-(n-1)n(n+1)]/3
所以1*2+2*3+...+n(n+1)
=[1*2*3-0+2*3*4-1*2*3+....+n(n+1)(n+2)-(n-1)n(n+1)]/3
[前后消项]
=[n(n+1)(n+2)]/3

所以1^2+2^2+3^2+......+n^2
=[n(n+1)(n+2)]/3-[n(n+1)]/2
=n(n+1)[(n+2)/3-1/2]
=n(n+1)[(2n+1)/6]
=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

证法二
利用立方差公式
n^3-(n-1)^3
=1*[n^2+(n-1)^2+n(n-1)]
=n^2+(n-1)^2+n^2-n
=2*n^2+(n-1)^2-n
2^3-1^3=2*2^2+1^2-2
3^3-2^3=2*3^2+2^2-3
4^3-3^3=2*4^2+3^2-4
......
n^3-(n-1)^3=2*n^2+(n-1)^2-n
各等式全部相加
n^3-1^3=2*(2^2+3^2+...+n^2)+[1^2+2^2+...+(n-1)^2]-(2+3+4+...+n)
n^3-1=2*(1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2)-2+[1^2+2^2+...+(n-1)^2+n^2]-n^2-(2+3+4+...+n)
n^3-1=3*(1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2)-2-n^2-(1+2+3+...+n)+1
n^3-1=3(1^2+2^2+...+n^2)-1-n^2-n(n+1)/2
3(1^2+2^2+...+n^2)
=n^3+n^2+n(n+1)/2
=(n/2)(2n^2+2n+n+1)
=(n/2)(n+1)(2n+1)

1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=[n(n+1)/2]^2
证明
n^4-(n-1)^4
=[n^2-(n-1)^2][n^2+(n-1)^2]
=(2n-1)(2n^2-2n+1)
=4n^3-6n^2+4n-1
2^4-1^4=4*2^3-6*2^2+4*2-1
3^4-2^4=4*3^3-6*3^2+4*3-1
4^4-3^4=4*4^3-6*4^2+4*4-1
......
n^4-(n-1)^4=4n^3-6n^2+4n-1
各等式全部相加
n^4-1^4=4*(2^3+3^3+...+n^3)-6*(2^2+3^2+...+n^2)+4(2+3+4+...+n)-(n-1)
n^4-1^4=4*(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3)-6*(1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2)+4(1+2+3+4+...+n)-(n-1)-2
n^4-1=4*(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3)-6*n(n+1)(2n+1)/6+4*n(n+1)/2-n-1
n^4-1=4*(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3)-n(n+1)(2n+1)+2n(n+1)-n-1
n^4-1=4*(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3)-n(n+1)(2n+1)+2n(n+1)-n-1
4*(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3)
=n^4-1+n(n+1)(2n+1)-2n(n+1)+n+1
=n^4-1+(n+1)(2n^2-n)+n+1
=n^4-1+(2n^3+n^2-n)+n+1
=n^4+2n^3+n^2
=(n^2+n)^2
=(n(n+1))^2

1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3
=[n(n+1)/2]^2