Question

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Qualitative analysis

Qualitative analysis is used to get the indication of the land use types which cause the increase of urban temperature and its possible causes.
For daytime analysis, the satellite image, land use map and thermal satellite image of Singapore were superimposed and zoomed into a particular area, especially the hot spots by means of Google Earth software (Google, 2007). Thermal satellite image uses different colors to represent different temperatures, which range from red (hot) to blue (cool). It can be expected that areas with high building density will have more reddish color; on the contrary, those with large proportion of dense plants should be more greenish.
For night time analysis, isopleths map produced by ArcGIS (ESRI, 2007) from the night time mobile survey measurements is overlaid to satellite image by means of Google Earth software. The temperature distribution is analyzed and zoomed in to the same location with the daytime analysis. Thus, the difference with daytime temperature distribution can be identified.

Quantitative analysis

Quantitative analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of various land use types on the UHI in daytime as well as at night time. For better reference, two different land use data sources were used. One is a
SPOT image (taken on 25 October, 2004), which was only used to highlight the differences in temperature between vegetation (surfaces that contain chlorophyll, water) and urban structures. The other is Master Plan 2003 where temperature and the intended purpose of a certain area were compared.
Both night time and daytime thermal data was loaded in ArcGIS and analyzed with spatial analyst zonal statistics module. The land use layer was used to obtain thermal statistics of each individual land use type. However, since these results were not accurate enough for our needs, the data were loaded in ENVI (2006) to compute the statistics for each temperature class. Thus, for each land use type the total surface area can be known, and therefore in combination with the temperature classes, obtain detailed information on the
percentage of each temperature class per land use type.

Answer 1

Qualitative analysis

Qualitative analysis is used to get the indication of the land use types which cause the increase of urban temperature and its possible causes.
For daytime analysis, the satellite image, land use map and thermal satellite image of Singapore were superimposed and zoomed into a particular area, especially the hot spots by means of Google Earth software (Google, 2007). Thermal satellite image uses different colors to represent different temperatures, which range from red (hot) to blue (cool). It can be expected that areas with high building density will have more reddish color; on the contrary, those with large proportion of dense plants should be more greenish.
For night time analysis, isopleths map produced by ArcGIS (ESRI, 2007) from the night time mobile survey measurements is overlaid to satellite image by means of Google Earth software. The temperature distribution is analyzed and zoomed in to the same location with the daytime analysis. Thus, the difference with daytime temperature distribution can be identified.

定量分析
定量分析是用于表示土地利用类型的依据，这种土地利用类型是可以或可能导致城市的气温升高的原因。
在白天的分析中，将新加坡的卫星图像、土地利用图以及卫星热红外图像叠加起来看，然后集中观察一个特别的地区，尤其是“谷歌地球”软件（谷歌公司，2007）所指出的热点。卫星热红外图像用不同的颜色表示不同的温度。这些颜色的范围是从红（热）到蓝（冷）。这样就能预测出高楼地带的区域将有更多偏向于红色的颜色。相反，大片植物的地区就是更多偏向与绿色的颜色。
在夜间的分析中，由ArcGIS（美国环境系统研究所公司，2007）夜间移动调查测量绘制出的等值线图是依靠“谷歌地球”的卫星图像画出来的，并且分析了不同温度的分部，这些分部也集中在同样在白天分析的地方。这样，白天的气温差异分布就能被区分出来了。

Quantitative analysis
Quantitative analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of various land use types on the UHI in daytime as well as at night time. For better reference, two different land use data sources were used. One is a SPOT image (taken on 25 October, 2004), which was only used to highlight the differences in temperature between vegetation (surfaces that contain chlorophyll, water) and urban structures. The other is Master Plan 2003 where temperature and the intended purpose of a certain area were compared.
Both night time and daytime thermal data was loaded in ArcGIS and analyzed with spatial analyst zonal statistics module. The land use layer was used to obtain thermal statistics of each individual land use type. However, since these results were not accurate enough for our needs, the data were loaded in ENVI (2006) to compute the statistics for each temperature class. Thus, for each land use type the total surface area can be known, and therefore in combination with the temperature classes, obtain detailed information on the percentage of each temperature class per land use type.
定量分析
定量分析为了调查出各种土地利用类型在白天和夜间对城市热岛的影响。作为更好的参考，我们将使用两种不同的土地利用数据源。一个是卫星遥感图像（拍摄于2004年10月25日），这仅用于突出显示植被区域（有绿叶，水的表面）和城市区域温度差异。另一个是2003年的总体规划，其中某些区域的实际温度和预期的要求温度进行了比较。
ArcGIS软件加载了夜间和白天热工数据后，利用空间分析模块和纬向上面统计进行分析。土地利用层是用来获取热量统计每个独立的土地使用类型。然而，由于这些结果不够精确，不足以满足我们的需要，这些数据由遥感图像处理软件（2006年）读取后，计算统计出每个温度级别。这样，我们就知道了每个类型的土地使用总面积，因此，结合温度级别，获得每个温度级别的土地利用类型百分比的详细资料。

Answer 2

定性分析

定性分析是用来获取表明土地利用类型造成的增加，城市的温度和其可能的原因。
白天分析，卫星影像，土地利用地图和卫星图像的热新加坡叠加和放大到某一特定地区，尤其是热点通过谷歌地球软件（谷歌2007年） 。热卫星图像使用不同的颜色来代表不同的温度，从红（热） ，以蓝（酷） 。可以预料，地区高层建筑密度将有更多的红颜色，相反，那些有很大比例的密集植物应该更绿。
夜的时间分析， isopleths地图制作教程（ ESRI公司， 2007年）从夜间移动调查测量是覆盖卫星图像通过谷歌地球软件。的温度分布进行了分析和缩放在同一位置，白天分析。因此，与白天不同的温度分布可确定。

定量分析

定量分析进行了调查的影响，各种土地利用类型对城市热岛在白天，以及在夜间。为了取得更好的参考，两种不同的土地利用数据源使用。一个是
SPOT卫星图像（ 10月25日采取的， 2004年） ，这是仅用于突出的温度之间的差异植被（表面含有叶绿素，水）和城市结构。另一种是在2003年总计划的温度和目的的某些方面进行了比较。
这两个晚上的时间和白天热数据加载到ArcGIS的分析与空间分析纬向统计模块。土地利用层是用来获取热量统计每一个人的土地使用类型。然而，由于这些结果是不准确的足够我们的需要，这些数据被装在环境（ 2006年）的统计计算每个温度级。因此，每个类型的土地使用总面积可为人们所熟知，因此，结合温度课程，获得详细资料
百分比每个温度每类土地利用类型。