Question

跪求翻译！！！

大侠们帮帮忙 最近有一段英文急需翻译 小弟的分只剩下20了，这里先不给 尽心翻译的小弟会全补给的 还有 不要在线翻译直接粘贴的了 谢谢合作啊
The other important observation we need to make about spiral galaxies is that galaxies do not rotate rigidly (with a constant angular velocity), but to a good approximation each region rotates with the same tangential velocity. The properties of random self-propagating star formation and constant tangential velocity are incorporated into GalaxyApp as follows. Imagine dividing a galaxy into concentric rings which are divided into cells of equal size (see Figure 19.1). Initially, a small number of cells are activated. Each cell corresponds to a region of space that is the size of a giant molecular cloud and moves with the same tangential velocity v. The angular velocity is given by , where r is the distance of the ring from the center of the galaxy. At each time step, the active cells activate neighboring cells with probability p and then became inactive. Then the rings are rotated, and the process is repeated again in the next time step. At each time step, cells that have been active within the last 15time steps are displayed as filled boxes, with the size of each box inversely proportional to the time since the cell became active. More details of the simulation are shown in Figure 19.1 and in the program. A typical galaxy generated by GalaxyApp is shown in Figure 19.2.
Our brief discussion of galaxies is not meant to convince you that the mechanism proposed by Schulman and Seiden is correct. Rather our purpose is to show how an alternative point of view can suggest new approaches in different fields. The images produced by computer simulations of the galaxy model show unanticipated features and have been the impetus of r further studies by astrophysicists and astronomers.

Answer 1

The other important observation we need to make about spiral galaxies is that galaxies do not rotate rigidly (with a constant angular velocity), but to a good approximation each region rotates with the same tangential velocity.
我们的另一个关于星系的重要发现是星系并不是以固定的角速度旋转，而在很大程度上是每一个区域以相同的线速度旋转。
The properties of random self-propagating star formation and constant tangential velocity are incorporated into GalaxyApp as follows.
这些关于随机扩散的造星区域以及恒定线速度的性质，用以下的方法由GalaxyApp实现。
Imagine dividing a galaxy into concentric rings which are divided into cells of equal size (see Figure 19.1).
想象一下把星系分解成多个同心圆环，每个圆环再分解成多个相同大小的单元（就像硬盘的扇区一样 译注）（图 19.1）。
Initially, a small number of cells are activated.
最初，少量的单元被激活。
Each cell corresponds to a region of space that is the size of a giant molecular cloud and moves with the same tangential velocity v.
每一个单元对应于一个大小相当于巨型分子云（？）的空间区域，并以相同的线速度v旋转。
The angular velocity is given by , where r is the distance of the ring from the center of the galaxy.
角速度由r，圆环到星系中心的距离来决定。
At each time step, the active cells activate neighboring cells with probability p and then became inactive.
Then the rings are rotated, and the process is repeated again in the next time step.
在每一个时刻，活动的单元以p的概率激发周围的单元，接着停止活动，然后圆环旋转。这样的过程不断在每一个时刻重复。
At each time step, cells that have been active within the last 15time steps are displayed as filled boxes, with the size of each box inversely proportional to the time since the cell became active.
在每一个时刻，在之前15个周期内曾被激活的单元以实心方块表示，方块的面积与距离上次激活所过的时间成反比。
More details of the simulation are shown in Figure 19.1 and in the program. A typical galaxy generated by GalaxyApp is shown in Figure 19.2.
更多关于模拟的细节在图19.1以及软件里可以找到。一个典型的GalaxyApp生成的星系如图19.2所示。
Our brief discussion of galaxies is not meant to convince you that the mechanism proposed by Schulman and Seiden is correct.
我们对于星系的简要讨论的目的并不是在于说服您认为Schulman和Seiden提出的动力学机制是正确的。
Rather our purpose is to show how an alternative point of view can suggest new approaches in different fields.
The images produced by computer simulations of the galaxy model show unanticipated features and have been the impetus of r further studies by astrophysicists and astronomers.
相对的，我们是为了显示不同的观点如何在不同的领域里发挥作用，提供新的方法和手段。电脑星系模拟器生成的图像显示出令人意外的性质和特征，推动天体物理学和天文学在这方面的进一步研究。

Answer 2

Answer 3

另一个重要的观察，我们需要作出关于螺旋星系是宇宙不旋转严格（以恒定角速度） ，但有一个良好的逼近各地区轮流担任相同的切向速度。的属性随机自我传播的恒星形成和不断的切向速度纳入GalaxyApp如下。试想划分一个星系到同心圆环其中分为细胞同等规模（见图1月19日） 。起初，有少数细胞被激活。每个细胞相当于一个区域的空间，这是一个巨大的规模和行动分子云与同切向速度诉角速度给出了，其中r是距离环的中心银河。在每个时间步长，积极细胞激活邻近细胞概率p ，然后成为无效。那么，环转动，整个过程是再次重申在未来的时间步长。在每个时间步长，细胞，一直积极在过去15time步骤显示为填补箱，与每个方块大小成反比的时间，因为细胞变得活跃。更详细的模拟图，并在1月19日的计划。一个典型的星系产生GalaxyApp是如图2月19日。
我们简要地讨论了星系并不意味着让你信服，所提出的机制舒尔曼和Seiden是正确的。而我们的目的是表明如何替代的观点提出新的方法可以在不同的领域。所产生的图像的计算机模拟显示银河系模型预料的特点，并已研究开发的动力进一步研究的天体物理学家和天文学家。

举手之劳，不过用翻译机翻译的，灵格斯，很好 和人工翻译的一样