Question

哪位高手帮帮忙，帮我翻译一下这篇英语论文（优秀者追加100分）

ANALYSIS OF SECTIONS
FOR FLEXURE
5-1 Introduction and Sign Conventions
Differentiation can be made between the analysis and design of prestressed
sections for flexure. By analysis is meant the determination of stresses in the steel and concrete when the form and size of a section are already given or assumed. This is obviously a simpler operation than the design of the section, which involves the choice of a suitable section out of many possible shapes and dimensions. In actual practice, it is often necessary to first perform the process of design when assuming a section, and then to analyze that assumed section. But, for the purpose of study, it is easier to learn first the methods of analysis and then those of design, This reversal of order is desirable in the study, of prestressed as well as reinforced concrete.This chapter will be devoted to the first part, the analysis; the next chapter will deal with design. The discussion is limited to the analysis of sections for flexure, meaning members under bending, such as beams and slabs. Only the effect of moment is considered here; that of shear and bond is treated in Chapter 7.A rather controversial point in the analysis of prestressed-concrete beams has been the choice of a proper system of sign conventions. Many authors have used positive sign (+) for compressive stresses and negative sign (-) for tensile stresses, basing their convention on the idea that prestressed-concrete beams are normally under compression and hence the plus sign should be employed to denote that state of stress. The author prefers to maintain the common sign convention as used for the design of other structures; that is, minus for compressive and plus for tensile stresses. Throughout this treatise, plus win stand for tension and minus for compression, whether we are talking of stresses in steel or concrete, prestressed or reinforced. When the sense of the stress is self-evident, signs will be omitted.5-2 Stresses In Concrete Due to Prestress Some of the basic principles of stress computation for prestressed concrete have already been mentioned in section I-2, They will be discussed in greater detail here. First of all. let us consider the effect of prestress. According to present practice, stresses in concrete due to prestress are always computed by the elastic theory. Consider the prestress F existing at the time under discussion, whether it be the initial or the final value. If F is applied at the centroid of the concrete section, and if the section under consideration is sufficiently far from the point of application of the prestress, then, by St. Venant's principle, the unit stress in concrete is uniform across that section and is given by the usual formula,
where A is the area of that concrete section.For a pretensioned member, when the prestress in the steel is transferred from the bulkheads to the concrete

Answer 1

【建议楼主割成4段，每段给20分，然后整合。这个太长了，一般人都没什么耐心为楼主翻译这么长的，没法的时候就都改用机器翻译了。

o(∩_∩)o...】