Modbus通讯协议的数据校验方式
CRC域是两个字节,包含一16位的二进制值。它由传输设备计算后加入到消息中。接收设备重新计算收到消息的CRC,并与接收到的CRC域中的值比较,如果两值不同,则有误。
CRC是先调入一值是全“1”的16位寄存器,然后调用一过程将消息中连续的8位字节和当前寄存器中的值进行处理。仅每个字符中的8Bit数据对CRC有效,起始位和停止位以及奇偶校验位均无效。
CRC产生过程中,每个8位字符都单独和寄存器内容相异或(XOR),结果向最低有效位方向移动,最高有效位以0填充。LSB被提取出来检测,如果LSB为1,寄存器单独和预置的值或一下,如果LSB为0,则不进行。整个过程要重复8次。在最后一位(第8位)完成后,下一个8位字节又单独和寄存器的当前值相异或(XOR)。最终寄存器中的值,是消息中所有的字节都执行之后的CRC值。
CRC添加到消息中时,低字节先加入,然后高字节。
CRC-16错误校验程序如下:报文(此处只涉及数据位,不指起始位、停止位和任选的奇偶校验位)被看作是一个连续的二进制,其最高有效位(MSB)首选发送。报文先与X↑16相乘(左移16位),然后看X↑16+X↑15+X↑2+1除,X↑16+X↑15+X↑2+1可以表示为二进制数11000,0000,0000,0101。整数商位忽略不记,16位余数加入该报文(MSB先发送),成为2个CRC校验字节。余数中的1全部初始化,以免所有的零成为一条报文被接收。经上述处理而含有CRC字节的报文,若无错误,到接收设备后再被同一多项式(X↑16+X↑15+X↑2+1)除,会得到一个零余数(接收设备核验这个CRC字节,并将其与被传送的CRC比较)。全部运算以2为模(无进位)。
习惯于成串发送数据的设备会首选送出字符的最右位(LSB-最低有效位)。而在生成CRC情况下,发送首位应是被除数的最高有效位MSB。由于在运算中不用进位,为便于操作起见,计算CRC时设MSB在最右位。生成多项式的位序也必须反过来,以保持一致。多项式的MSB略去不记,因其只对商有影响而不影响余数。
生成CRC-16校验字节的步骤如下:
①装如一个16位寄存器,所有数位均为1。
②该16位寄存器的高位字节与开始8位字节进行“异或”运算。运算结果放入这个16位寄存器。
③把这个16寄存器向右移一位。
④若向右(标记位)移出的数位是1,则生成多项式10,1000,000,0000,001和这个寄存器进行“异或”运算;若向右移出的数位是0,则返回③。
⑤重复③和④,直至移出8位。
⑥另外8位与该十六位寄存器进行“异或”运算。
⑦重复③~⑥,直至该报文所有字节均与16位寄存器进行“异或”运算,并移位8次。
⑧这个16位寄存器的内容即2字节CRC错误校验,被加到报文的最高有效位。
另外,在某些非ModBus通信协议中也经常使用CRC16作为校验手段,而且产生了一些CRC16的变种,他们是使用CRC16多项式X↑16+X↑15+X↑2+1,单首次装入的16位寄存器为0000;使用CRC16的反序X↑16+X↑14+X↑1+1,首次装入寄存器值为0000或FFFFH。
CRC简单函数如下: unsignedchar*puchMsg;/*要进行CRC校验的消息*/unsignedshortusDataLen;/*消息中字节数*/unsignedshortCRC16(puchMsg,usDataLen){unsignedcharuchCRCHi=0xFF;/*高CRC字节初始化*/unsignedcharuchCRCLo=0xFF;/*低CRC字节初始化*/unsigneduIndex;/*CRC循环中的索引*/while(usDataLen--)/*传输消息缓冲区*/{uIndex=uchCRCHi^*puchMsg++;/*计算CRC*/uchCRCHi=uchCRCLo^auchCRCHi[uIndex];uchCRCLo=auchCRCLo[uIndex];}return((uchCRCHi<<8)|uchCRCLo);}/*CRC高位字节值表*/staticunsignedcharauchCRCHi[]={0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40};//CRC低位字节值表staticcharauchCRCLo[]={0x00,0xC0,0xC1,0x01,0xC3,0x03,0x02,0xC2,0xC6,0x06,0x07,0xC7,0x05,0xC5,0xC4,0x04,0xCC,0x0C,0x0D,0xCD,0x0F,0xCF,0xCE,0x0E,0x0A,0xCA,0xCB,0x0B,0xC9,0x09,0x08,0xC8,0xD8,0x18,0x19,0xD9,0x1B,0xDB,0xDA,0x1A,0x1E,0xDE,0xDF,0x1F,0xDD,0x1D,0x1C,0xDC,0x14,0xD4,0xD5,0x15,0xD7,0x17,0x16,0xD6,0xD2,0x12,0x13,0xD3,0x11,0xD1,0xD0,0x10,0xF0,0x30,0x31,0xF1,0x33,0xF3,0xF2,0x32,0x36,0xF6,0xF7,0x37,0xF5,0x35,0x34,0xF4,0x3C,0xFC,0xFD,0x3D,0xFF,0x3F,0x3E,0xFE,0xFA,0x3A,0x3B,0xFB,0x39,0xF9,0xF8,0x38,0x28,0xE8,0xE9,0x29,0xEB,0x2B,0x2A,0xEA,0xEE,0x2E,0x2F,0xEF,0x2D,0xED,0xEC,0x2C,0xE4,0x24,0x25,0xE5,0x27,0xE7,0xE6,0x26,0x22,0xE2,0xE3,0x23,0xE1,0x21,0x20,0xE0,0xA0,0x60,0x61,0xA1,0x63,0xA3,0xA2,0x62,0x66,0xA6,0xA7,0x67,0xA5,0x65,0x64,0xA4,0x6C,0xAC,0xAD,0x6D,0xAF,0x6F,0x6E,0xAE,0xAA,0x6A,0x6B,0xAB,0x69,0xA9,0xA8,0x68,0x78,0xB8,0xB9,0x79,0xBB,0x7B,0x7A,0xBA,0xBE,0x7E,0x7F,0xBF,0x7D,0xBD,0xBC,0x7C,0xB4,0x74,0x75,0xB5,0x77,0xB7,0xB6,0x76,0x72,0xB2,0xB3,0x73,0xB1,0x71,0x70,0xB0,0x50,0x90,0x91,0x51,0x93,0x53,0x52,0x92,0x96,0x56,0x57,0x97,0x55,0x95,0x94,0x54,0x9C,0x5C,0x5D,0x9D,0x5F,0x9F,0x9E,0x5E,0x5A,0x9A,0x9B,0x5B,0x99,0x59,0x58,0x98,0x88,0x48,0x49,0x89,0x4B,0x8B,0x8A,0x4A,0x4E,0x8E,0x8F,0x4F,0x8D,0x4D,0x4C,0x8C,0x44,0x84,0x85,0x45,0x87,0x47,0x46,0x86,0x82,0x42,0x43,0x83,0x41,0x81,0x80,0x40}; LRC错误校验用于ASCII模式。这个错误校验是一个8位二进制数,可作为2个ASCII十六进制字节传送。把十六进制字符转换成二进制,加上无循环进位的二进制字符和二进制补码结果生成LRC错误校验(参见图)。这个LRC在接收设备进行核验,并与被传送的LRC进行比较,冒号(:)、回车符号(CR)、换行字符(LF)和置入的其他任何非ASCII十六进制字符在运算时忽略不计。