粒子群优化算法的算法介绍
在找到这两个最优值时,粒子根据如下的公式来更新自己的速度和新的位置
v[] = v[] + c1 * rand() * (pbest[] - present[]) + c2 * rand() * (gbest[] - present[]) (a)
present[] = present[] + v[] (b)
v[] 是粒子的速度, present[] 是当前粒子的位置. pbest[] and gbest[] 如前定义 rand () 是介于（0， 1）之间的随机数. c1, c2 是学习因子. 通常 c1 = c2 = 2.
程序的伪代码如下
For each particle
____Initialize particle
END
Do
____For each particle
________Calculate fitness value
________If the fitness value is better than the best fitness value (pBest) in history
____________set current value as the new pBest
____End
____Choose the particle with the best fitness value of all the particles as the gBest
____For each particle
________Calculate particle velocity according equation (a)
________Update particle position according equation (b)
____End
While maximum iterations or minimum error criteria is not attained
在每一维粒子的速度都会被限制在一个最大速度Vmax，如果某一维更新后的速度超过用户设定的Vmax，那么这一维的速度就被限定为Vmax。
