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动名词具有名词的特性,可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词具有动词的特性,可充当宾补,表语,定语和状语.
(1)动名词作宾语(特殊)
①下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’t
help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit.
②下列动词短语接动名词:leave
off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble /
difficulty(in) doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond
of,be worth.
③介词后要接动名词.what about、how about、without、be fond of、be
good at等介词后接动名词.注意on / upon doing sth.= as soon as 引导的从中.作此意讲时on /
upon后也可以接名词.如on his arrival….
(2)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语.
①时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when,while等)
Hearing the good news,he jumped with great joy.
Not having finished her work in time,the boss fired her.
②原因状语
Seeing nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note
③伴随状语
The girls came in,following their parents.
④结果状语
The poor old man died,leaving nothing to his children.
注意:现在分词作状语的几个特性.①时间性.与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having
done.②语态性.与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系.遵循的规则“主动进行,被动完成”.③人称一致性.分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
(3)现在分词作表语,S.+ be + 动词-ing表示主动,主语是物
(4)现在分词作宾补,S.+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事
(1)动名词作宾语(特殊)
①下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’t
help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit.
②下列动词短语接动名词:leave
off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble /
difficulty(in) doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond
of,be worth.
③介词后要接动名词.what about、how about、without、be fond of、be
good at等介词后接动名词.注意on / upon doing sth.= as soon as 引导的从中.作此意讲时on /
upon后也可以接名词.如on his arrival….
(2)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语.
①时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when,while等)
Hearing the good news,he jumped with great joy.
Not having finished her work in time,the boss fired her.
②原因状语
Seeing nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note
③伴随状语
The girls came in,following their parents.
④结果状语
The poor old man died,leaving nothing to his children.
注意:现在分词作状语的几个特性.①时间性.与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having
done.②语态性.与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系.遵循的规则“主动进行,被动完成”.③人称一致性.分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
(3)现在分词作表语,S.+ be + 动词-ing表示主动,主语是物
(4)现在分词作宾补,S.+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事
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区别一、句法功能不同
现在分词常用来构成进行时态的,与助动词be搭配使用,一起构成句子的谓语成分。现在分词在句中还可以充当定语、表语和状语。
而动名词则主要起着名词的功能,常在句子中充当主语、定语、表语等成分。
如:
(一)现在分词
谓语:They are playing football on the playground.
定语:There's a moving house in the village.
表语:The book is interesting.
状语:They came into the room laughing and singing.
(二)动名词
主语:Swimming is my favourite sport.
表语:My favourite sport is swimming.
定语:There's a swimming pool in his backyard.
【注意】
现在分词构成时态时,有时会省略助动词be,这主要出现在定语从句的省略结构中。如:
The man who is standing under the tree is my father.
上句中的定语从句who is standing under the tree可以改为短语结构:
standing under the tree
所以,原句就变为:The man standing under the tree is my father.
区别二、作定语时的区别
现在分词和动名词都可以作定语,但两者与所修饰的名词的关系是不一样的。
现在分词主要用来描述该名词正在做什么,而动名词则主要用来说明该名词的功能或用途。
如:
a sleeping child
a sleeping car
第一个短语中的sleeping是用来描述child正在睡觉,所以是现在分词。
第二个短语中的sleeping是用来说明car是用来睡觉的,所以是动名词。
因此,以上两个短语的意思是:一个正在睡觉的孩子、卧铺车厢。
现在分词常用来构成进行时态的,与助动词be搭配使用,一起构成句子的谓语成分。现在分词在句中还可以充当定语、表语和状语。
而动名词则主要起着名词的功能,常在句子中充当主语、定语、表语等成分。
如:
(一)现在分词
谓语:They are playing football on the playground.
定语:There's a moving house in the village.
表语:The book is interesting.
状语:They came into the room laughing and singing.
(二)动名词
主语:Swimming is my favourite sport.
表语:My favourite sport is swimming.
定语:There's a swimming pool in his backyard.
【注意】
现在分词构成时态时,有时会省略助动词be,这主要出现在定语从句的省略结构中。如:
The man who is standing under the tree is my father.
上句中的定语从句who is standing under the tree可以改为短语结构:
standing under the tree
所以,原句就变为:The man standing under the tree is my father.
区别二、作定语时的区别
现在分词和动名词都可以作定语,但两者与所修饰的名词的关系是不一样的。
现在分词主要用来描述该名词正在做什么,而动名词则主要用来说明该名词的功能或用途。
如:
a sleeping child
a sleeping car
第一个短语中的sleeping是用来描述child正在睡觉,所以是现在分词。
第二个短语中的sleeping是用来说明car是用来睡觉的,所以是动名词。
因此,以上两个短语的意思是:一个正在睡觉的孩子、卧铺车厢。
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