Question

想问问这几个that分别都是什么从句？

According to research the experience of an exotic culture endows us with a valuable open-mindedness making it easier to realize that even a trivial thing can have multiple meanings. Consider the act of leaving food on the plate: In China this is often seen as a compliment a signal that the host has provided enough to eat. But in America the same act is a subtle insult an indication that the food wasn't good enough to finish

Answer 1

回答如下：
本段英语中出现了三个that从句：第一个that从句是宾语从句; 其余的that从句均是同位语从句。
宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句均属于名词从句。连接词that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不作任何成分，无任何意义。连接词that引导宾语从句时，可以省略，引导其他从句时，一般不省略。例如：
He said (that) he was born in 1965.
That he is in hospital is true.
My dream is that I can go abroad for further studies in two years' time.
I didn't hear the news that he had passed away.
同位语从句与 定语从句的区别：
前者通常用来对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明和补充，前面的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分; 引导定语从句的词有关系代词和关系副词，定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，指代先行词的关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要作句子成分，或主语、宾语、定语或状语等。试比较：
The news ( that / which ) he told us is true. (定语从句)
The news that he died is true. (同位语从句)