英语被动语态考点例析

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一、考查要点:
  主要考查一般现在时,一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。例如:

  1. Today Chinese _____by more and more people around the world.

  A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak

  (2006北京市大纲卷)

  2. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village?

  -A lot of new roads _____,I think.

  A. have to build B. must build C. have built D. must be built

  (2006湖北黄冈)

  (Key:1. B 2. D)

  简析:被动语态的句子是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”这一形式构成的。过去分词永远不变,所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化,都体现在助动词be的变化上。

  二、特殊情况:

  (一)在没有必要指出动作的执行者时,“by+动作的执行者”可以省略。

  1. I won’t leave my office until my work .

  A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished

  (2006江苏南通)

  简析:D.动作的执行者很明确,可以省略。

  (二)不知道动作的执行者是谁,使用被动语态比较适宜。

  2. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum_____on the phone.

  A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want

  (2006江苏宿迁)

  简析:A.不清楚动作的执行者,用被动语态。

  (三)用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。

  3. Students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. (改为被动语态)

  Magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students.

  (2006重庆市)

  简析:填be taken out of.take out of为短语动词,变为被动语态后,不要漏掉out of.

  (四)带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,常有两种方法:把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前通常加介词to或for;或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,直接宾语不变。

  4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.(改为被动语态)

  A Christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year.

  (2006重庆市)

  简析:填was sent.

  三、补充说明:

  (一)一般将来时的被动语态

  1. The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year.

  A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished

  (2006江西省大纲卷)

  简析:D.一般将来时的被动语态结构为:will/shall+be+及物动词的过去分词。

  (二)现在完成时的被动语态

  2. China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shanghai.

  A. has been named B. have been named

  C. has named D. have named

  (2006江苏徐州)

  简析:B.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为:have/has been+及物动词的过去分词。
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